Ikazakh (Isilatini) Isi-ukraine Humusha

Ukuhunyushwa kwesikazakh (ngesilatini) kuvame ukusetshenziselwa imibhalo yebhizinisi neyomthetho, ukuhumusha izikhulumi zesikazakh ezingakhulumi isingisi noma ezinye izilimi, noma ukuxhumana ngokunembile nezethameli ezikhuluma isikazakh. Ekazakhstan, isilatini siwuhlelo lokubhala olusemthethweni lolimi lwesikazakh, kuyilapho Isicyrillic sisasetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinye izindawo.

Namuhla, kunesidingo esikhula njalo sokuhunyushwa kwemibhalo esezingeni eliphakeme isuka futhi iye olimini lwesikazakh (isilatini). Umhumushi onguchwepheshe kumelwe ajwayelane nolimi lwesikazakh nohlelo lwayo lolimi futhi abe nokuqonda okuhle ngolimi oluwumthombo. Ukuhunyushwa kwemibhalo nemibhalo eyinkimbinkimbi kuba inselele ngokwengeziwe lapho ulimi oluwumthombo lungafani nolimi oluqondisiwe.

Umhumushi kudingeka abe nokuqonda okuhle kwesakhiwo, ukupela, nezisho zolimi azama ukukhiqiza inguqulo esezingeni eliphakeme. Isici esibalulekile sokuhumushela olimini lwesikazakh (isilatini) ukuthi kunesidingo sokuba umhumushi alondoloze izinga eliphakeme lokunemba ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi lo mbhalo awuhunyushwa ngokungeyikho.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba umhumushi aqonde isiko nomlando walesi sifunda ukuze ukuhumusha kwakhe kungabi okunembile kuphela, kodwa futhi kubonise umongo walesi sifunda. Ukuqonda okunjalo kungasiza umhumushi ukuba akhiqize inguqulo enembile ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ulimi lusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele nokuthi noma yiziphi izinkomba zamasiko embhalweni zihunyushwa ngendlela efanele.

Ukunemba kubaluleke ngokukhethekile uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni imibhalo engokomthetho, edinga ukunemba nokunemba. Umhumushi onguchwepheshe kufanele akwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele ngokuhumusha futhi azixazulule ngaphambi kokuletha umkhiqizo wokugcina.

Ekuphetheni, kusobala ukuthi umhumushi onguchwepheshe kudingeka aqonde kahle ulimi azama ukuluhumusha, kanye nolwazi olujulile ngamasiko nomlando walesi sifunda ukuze akhiqize inguqulo esezingeni eliphakeme yesikazakh (isilatini).

Yimaphi amazwe olimi lwesikazakh (isilatini) olukhulunywa kuwo?

Ulimi lwesikazakh, olubhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesilatini, lukhulunywa iningi labantu Basekazakhstan futhi lukhulunywa Nasemongolia, Echina, e-Afghanistan, e-Iran, Eturkey, Eturkmenistan Nase-Uzbekistan.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesikazakh (isilatini)?

Ulimi lwesikazakh luwulimi Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa kakhulu Ekazakhstan futhi luwulimi olusemthethweni ezweni. Futhi ingenye yezilimi ezisemthethweni Esifundazweni sasebayan-Ölgii Emongolia. Isikazakh singesinye sezilimi ezindala Kakhulu Zamaturkic futhi umlando waso obhaliwe ungahle ulandelwe emuva ngekhulu lesi-8 lapho wasetshenziswa emibhalweni Yase-Orkhon Emongolia. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, lolu limi luye lwaguquka futhi lwazivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo zamasiko nezombangazwe Zasekazakhstan.
Isikazakh ekuqaleni sasibhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesi-arabhu kodwa ngawo-1930, ngesikhathi Sesoviet, kwasetshenziswa izinhlamvu zesilatini eziguquliwe njengohlelo lokubhala olujwayelekile lolimi. Izinhlamvu zesilatini zesikazakh zinezinhlamvu ezingu-32 futhi zihlanganisa izinhlamvu ezihlukile zamagama anonkamisa amafushane namade kanye neminye imisindo eyingqayizivele yolimi. Ngo-2017, izinhlamvu zesilatini zesikazakh zashintshwa kancane futhi manje zifaka izinhlamvu ezingu-33.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu olimini lwesikazakh (isilatini)?

1. U-Abay Qunanbayuli (18451904) – ubuhlakani bezincwadi zabantu basekazakh, kuthiwa wenza uhlelo lokubhala lwesilatini lwesikazakh lwaba sesikhathini samanje futhi walwethula ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.
2. Umagzhan zhumabayev (18661919) wayengumsekeli omkhulu Wokwenziwa kwesilatini kolimi lwesikazakh. Waqhubeka nomsebenzi Ka-Abay futhi unesibopho sokwakha izinhlamvu zamagama zesilatini zasekazakh zanamuhla.
3. Ubauyrzhan momyshuly (18971959) wayengumbhali odumile, imbongi kanye nosopolitiki wasekazakhstan odunyiswa ngokuthuthukisa ulimi lwesikazakh lube ulimi oluhlanganisiwe, olujwayelekile.
4. Umukhtar auezov (18971961) – umbhali wasekazakh onethonya, U-auezov wayezibophezele ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesikazakh namasiko.. Wabhala izincwadi eziningi ngesikazakh, enza uhlelo lokubhala lwesilatini lwaziwa.
5. Ukenzhegali bulegenov (1913-1984) – Bulegenov wayengusosayensi wezilimi obalulekile futhi engumuntu ovelele ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesikazakh. Wasebenza ezincwadini eziningi, ezichazamazwini nasezinhlelweni zolimi, esiza ekwenzeni isikazakh sibe ulimi lokubhala.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesikazakh (isilatini) sinjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesikazakh (isilatini) sisekelwe kakhulu olimini lwesiturkey. Ifonoloji yayo ibonakala ngokuvumelana kwezwi, izinga eliphakeme lokunciphisa imisho, nokuthanda imisho evulekile. Ngokwe-grammatic, ulimi oluhlanganisa kakhulu, olunamagama nezichasiso ezibonisa ama-affix amaningi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamapharadigm okuguquguquka. Uhlelo lwayo lwesenzo nalo luyinkimbinkimbi, lunezinhlelo ezimbili zamagama (ezivamile nezisizayo), iziqalo, izijobelelo kanye nohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwesimo nesimo sengqondo. Uhlelo lokubhala lwesikazakh (isilatini) luyi-alfabhethi elisekelwe olimini lwesilatini.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Kazakh (Latin) ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Funda izinhlamvu zamagama. Izinhlamvu zamagama zesikazakh zibhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesilatini, ngakho kuyodingeka ufunde izinhlamvu ezingu-26 nemisindo yazo.
2. Jwayelana lolimi eziyisisekelo. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokutadisha izincwadi ezikhuluma ngezinto eziyisisekelo zolimi noma ngezinsiza ezikuyi-internet njengamavidiyo E-YouTube.
3. Prakthiza ukukhuluma. Njengoba lolu limi lungakhulunywa kabanzi, kungase kudingeke uthole umuntu olukhulumayo noma inkambo yomsindo eku-inthanethi ongazijwayeza ngayo.
4. Ukutshala imali kwezinye izinto zokufunda ezisezingeni. Lezi zingahlanganisa izincwadi, izifundo zomsindo noma zevidiyo, noma ngisho namawebhusayithi nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
5. Lalela izikhulumi zomdabu kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungasebenzisa umculo, imibukiso yethelevishini, ama-video, nama-podcast ukukusiza ukuba ujwayele isigqi esivamile solimi.
6. Inselelo ngokwakho. Funda silulumagama ezintsha kanye practice usebenzisa it in izingxoxo. Zama ukubhala imibhalo nokuyifunda ngokuzwakalayo.
7. Ungadikibali! Ukufunda ulimi kuyinqubo ende, ngakho yiba nesineke futhi nijabula nalo!

Ukuhumusha isi-ukraine kubalulekile kumabhizinisi amaningi nezinhlangano ezidinga ukuxhumana nabantu abavela noma ngaphakathi Kwe-Ukraine. Kunezinsizakalo eziningi ezitholakalayo ukuze zibasize bafinyelele izilaleli ezihlosiwe, kusukela kubahumushi abazimele kuya ezinkampanini ezikhethekile zokuhumusha. Isidingo sokuhunyushwa kwesi-ukraine siyaqhubeka sikhula njengoba umnotho wezwe nobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe buqhubeka nokwanda.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isi-ukraine ukuthola umhumushi oneziqu nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuze ahumushe ngokunembile ulimi oluwumthombo olimini lwesi-ukraine. Ngaphandle kokuba nemfundo yezilimi nezilimi abazihumushayo, kumelwe futhi babe nolwazi lwangaphambili nokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza kumaphrojekthi okuhumusha ase-ukraine.

Umhumushi kudingeka abe nolwazi oluhle ngemininingwane yolimi lwesi-ukraine nanoma yiziphi izinkomba zamasiko okungase kudingeke ukuba zicatshangelwe. Izinguqulo eziningi zingathintwa umlando wezwe, isiko, nesimo sezombangazwe, ngakho kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umhumushi owazi ulimi futhi owazi ngentuthuko yamuva e-Ukraine.

Uma kuziwa ekusebenzeni nomhumushi ofanelekayo wase-ukraine, kubalulekile ukukhetha eyodwa enezinqubo ezichazwe kahle nezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo, ngoba ukunemba nokuvumelana kubalulekile ekuxhumaneni okuphumelelayo. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi enhle kuhilela ukuhlola njalo ukuhumusha ngokumelene nomthombo wokuqala futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi noma yikuphi ukungafani kulethwa kumhumushi ukuze kuhunyushwe kabusha.

Kuyasiza futhi ukusebenzisa inkampani enikeza izinsizakalo ezengeziwe ezifana nokwenziwa kwendawo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kufanelekile ngokwendabuko nangokwezilimi kubabukeli ababhekiswe kubo. Lokhu kusho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulimi luhambisana nesifunda esithile, kusetshenziswa izilimi zendawo nemifanekiso lapho kudingeka khona. Kuhlanganisa nokunikeza ukufometha okufanele nokwakhiwa kokuhlelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto ezihunyushiwe zibukeka zifana nezinto eziwumthombo.

Ngokuyinhloko, ukuhumusha ngesi-ukraine kumayelana nokudlulisa umyalezo ohlosiwe ngokunembile, kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa nokuthi konke ukuzwela kwamasiko nomongo jikelele kuyacatshangelwa. Ukuthola umhumushi okwazi ukukwenza lokhu, futhi lokho kusebenza nezindinganiso eziphakeme zobungcweti nezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Yiliphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-ukraine?

Ulimi lwesi-ukraine lukhulunywa ikakhulukazi e-Ukraine nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zaserussia, Ebelarus, Emoldova, Epoland, Eslovakia, Ehungary, Eromania Nasebulgaria. Ibuye isetshenziswe njengolimi oluncane Ekazakhstan, Eserbia, Egrisi Nasecroatia.

Uyini umlando ulimi ukraine?

Ulimi lwesi-ukraine lunomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi wokuthuthuka. Luwulimi Lwesislavic Sasempumalanga, oluphakathi komkhaya ofanayo nesirashiya nesibelarusian. Sekuyisikhathi Eside sikhulunywa e-Ukraine kusukela ngekhulu le-11. Phakathi nengxenye enkulu yomlando Wayo kwakuyingxenye yolimi Lwesislavonic Sesonto, olwalusetshenziswa ezincwadini zenkolo nasemibhalweni. Phakathi nengxenye enkulu yekhulu le-16 nele-19, yaqhubeka ibhekwa njengesilimi sesirashiya, naphezu kwezici ezithile ezihlukile.
Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19 lapho isi-ukraine saqala khona ukuqashelwa njengolimi oluhlukile, njengengxenye yokuvuselelwa kwezincwadi e-Ukraine. Isisekelo sesi-ukraine sanamuhla sasungulwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, isi-ukraine sase siwulimi lwabantu Abaningi base-Ukraine.
Ngo-1917 I-Ukraine yamemezela ukuzimela Kwayo Erussia futhi yamukela isi-ukraine njengolimi olusemthethweni lombuso. Lokhu kwaqala inkathi yokujwayeza nokuthuthukisa ulimi, kwanyatheliswa izichazamazwi eziningi, izincwadi zohlelo lolimi, nezinto zokufundisa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusetshenziswa kwalo.
Kusukela ithola inkululeko ngo-1991, i-ukraine iye yavuselelwa nakakhulu. Sesibe ulimi olusemthethweni lwesizwe, futhi sifundiswa kabanzi ezikoleni futhi sisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana nomphakathi. Naphezu kokuba khona kwesirashiya kwezinye izindawo zezwe, isi-ukraine sihlala siwulimi oluyinhloko e-Ukraine.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-ukraine?

1. U-Ivan kotlyarevsky (17691838): Ebhekwa njengomsunguli wezincwadi zesimanje zase-ukraine, Ukotlyarevsky wabhala inkondlo yokuqala yesizwe ngesi-ukraine, I-Eneyida. Imisebenzi yakhe yasiza ekwandiseni nasekulinganiseni ulimi.
2. Utaras Shevchenko (18141861): umuntu ovelele wezincwadi nobuciko base-ukraine, ushevchenko kwesinye isikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi "ubaba wolimi lwase-ukraine". Wayengumsekeli oshisekayo wokusetshenziswa kwesi-ukraine ezincwadini nasemasikweni futhi wabhala izinkondlo eziningi namanoveli ngolimi.
3. U-Ivan Franko (18561916): umbhali nombongi onethonya, Ufranko wabhala eminye yemisebenzi yokuqala yezincwadi zanamuhla zase-ukraine. Wabuye wasungula I-Ivan Franko National University Yaselviv, eyakha izindlela zemfundo ezishintshayo ezigcizelela ukubaluleka kolimi lwesi-ukraine.
4. Uvolodymyr vernadsky (18631945): isazi-mlando esivelele, isazi sefilosofi, nesazi sokuma komhlaba, Uvernadsky wayengumholi oyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni isiko lesimanje lase-ukraine. Wayengomunye wabasunguli Beshevchenko Scientific Society futhi wabhala izincwadi eziningi nezindatshana ngezihloko zase-ukraine ngolimi.
5. U-Oleksandr Oles (18841962): isazi sezilimi esivelele nesazi sezilimi, U-Oles waba namandla amakhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lolimi lwesi-ukraine lwanamuhla. Wayengumbhali wemisebenzi eminingana emikhulu ngolimi, kufaka Phakathi Ulimi lwesi-ukraine Ezikoleni Zamabanga Aphansi, futhi wayeyilungu elinamandla Le-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

Kanjani ukwakheka kolimi ukraine?

Ulimi lwesi-ukraine luwulimi Lwesislavic olukhulunywa ikakhulukazi e-Ukraine, lapho luwulimi olusemthethweni khona. Ihlobene kakhulu Nesibelarusian, isipolish nesirashiya nezinye izilimi zamaslav. Inezinhlamvu zayo ezithathwe Olimini Lwesicyrillic, futhi uhlelo lwayo lolimi lufana nolwezinye izilimi Zesislavic, ezinamagama, izichasiso, izenzi nezichasiso ezinokuhlehla nokuhlanganiswa okuhlukile. Ngokuvamile ukuhleleka kwamagama kuyisihloko isenzo into, kodwa kuyaguquguquka futhi kungahluka kuye ngokugcizelelwa kwesikhulumi.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi ukraine ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola isifundo solimi oluhle: Start ngokuthola isifundo solimi oluhle esigxile olimini lwesi-ukraine. Bheka okuthile olunzulu futhi likufundisa kokubili uhlelo lolimi kanye silulumagama ulimi.
2. Thenga ezinye izincwadi ezinhle zokufunda ulimi: Izincwadi zingenye yezinsiza ezinhle kakhulu uma kuziwa ekufundeni ulimi. Bheka izincwadi ezigxile olimini lwesi-ukraine hhayi kuphela ngohlelo lolimi kodwa nangamasiko, umlando nezisho.
3. Prakthiza! Indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi iwukuyenza ngangokunokwenzeka. Bheka ithuba lokuba nezingxoxo nezikhulumi zomdabu, kungaba ku-inthanethi noma endaweni yakho. Lalela umsakazo ukraine futhi ubuke amabhayisikobho ukraine kanye TV. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba ujwayelane kakhudlwana nolimi futhi ululawule ngokushesha.
4. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi: Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi namawebhusayithi angakusiza ukuba uthuthukise amakhono akho olimi lwase-ukraine. Bheka izinkundla ze-inthanethi, amabhulogi namawebhusayithi agxile ekufundiseni isi-ukraine.
5. Zicwilise: Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokufunda ulimi ukuhamba nokuzicwilisa emasikweni nasendaweni ezungezile. Uma ukuya E-Ukraine akuyona inketho kuwe, zama ukuthola iqembu lendawo lokuhlangana noma uhlelo lokushintshana ngolimi.