Ikazakh (Isilatini) Khmer Humusha

Ukuhunyushwa kwesikazakh (ngesilatini) kuvame ukusetshenziselwa imibhalo yebhizinisi neyomthetho, ukuhumusha izikhulumi zesikazakh ezingakhulumi isingisi noma ezinye izilimi, noma ukuxhumana ngokunembile nezethameli ezikhuluma isikazakh. Ekazakhstan, isilatini siwuhlelo lokubhala olusemthethweni lolimi lwesikazakh, kuyilapho Isicyrillic sisasetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinye izindawo.

Namuhla, kunesidingo esikhula njalo sokuhunyushwa kwemibhalo esezingeni eliphakeme isuka futhi iye olimini lwesikazakh (isilatini). Umhumushi onguchwepheshe kumelwe ajwayelane nolimi lwesikazakh nohlelo lwayo lolimi futhi abe nokuqonda okuhle ngolimi oluwumthombo. Ukuhunyushwa kwemibhalo nemibhalo eyinkimbinkimbi kuba inselele ngokwengeziwe lapho ulimi oluwumthombo lungafani nolimi oluqondisiwe.

Umhumushi kudingeka abe nokuqonda okuhle kwesakhiwo, ukupela, nezisho zolimi azama ukukhiqiza inguqulo esezingeni eliphakeme. Isici esibalulekile sokuhumushela olimini lwesikazakh (isilatini) ukuthi kunesidingo sokuba umhumushi alondoloze izinga eliphakeme lokunemba ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi lo mbhalo awuhunyushwa ngokungeyikho.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba umhumushi aqonde isiko nomlando walesi sifunda ukuze ukuhumusha kwakhe kungabi okunembile kuphela, kodwa futhi kubonise umongo walesi sifunda. Ukuqonda okunjalo kungasiza umhumushi ukuba akhiqize inguqulo enembile ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ulimi lusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele nokuthi noma yiziphi izinkomba zamasiko embhalweni zihunyushwa ngendlela efanele.

Ukunemba kubaluleke ngokukhethekile uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni imibhalo engokomthetho, edinga ukunemba nokunemba. Umhumushi onguchwepheshe kufanele akwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele ngokuhumusha futhi azixazulule ngaphambi kokuletha umkhiqizo wokugcina.

Ekuphetheni, kusobala ukuthi umhumushi onguchwepheshe kudingeka aqonde kahle ulimi azama ukuluhumusha, kanye nolwazi olujulile ngamasiko nomlando walesi sifunda ukuze akhiqize inguqulo esezingeni eliphakeme yesikazakh (isilatini).

Yimaphi amazwe olimi lwesikazakh (isilatini) olukhulunywa kuwo?

Ulimi lwesikazakh, olubhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesilatini, lukhulunywa iningi labantu Basekazakhstan futhi lukhulunywa Nasemongolia, Echina, e-Afghanistan, e-Iran, Eturkey, Eturkmenistan Nase-Uzbekistan.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesikazakh (isilatini)?

Ulimi lwesikazakh luwulimi Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa kakhulu Ekazakhstan futhi luwulimi olusemthethweni ezweni. Futhi ingenye yezilimi ezisemthethweni Esifundazweni sasebayan-Ölgii Emongolia. Isikazakh singesinye sezilimi ezindala Kakhulu Zamaturkic futhi umlando waso obhaliwe ungahle ulandelwe emuva ngekhulu lesi-8 lapho wasetshenziswa emibhalweni Yase-Orkhon Emongolia. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, lolu limi luye lwaguquka futhi lwazivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo zamasiko nezombangazwe Zasekazakhstan.
Isikazakh ekuqaleni sasibhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesi-arabhu kodwa ngawo-1930, ngesikhathi Sesoviet, kwasetshenziswa izinhlamvu zesilatini eziguquliwe njengohlelo lokubhala olujwayelekile lolimi. Izinhlamvu zesilatini zesikazakh zinezinhlamvu ezingu-32 futhi zihlanganisa izinhlamvu ezihlukile zamagama anonkamisa amafushane namade kanye neminye imisindo eyingqayizivele yolimi. Ngo-2017, izinhlamvu zesilatini zesikazakh zashintshwa kancane futhi manje zifaka izinhlamvu ezingu-33.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu olimini lwesikazakh (isilatini)?

1. U-Abay Qunanbayuli (18451904) – ubuhlakani bezincwadi zabantu basekazakh, kuthiwa wenza uhlelo lokubhala lwesilatini lwesikazakh lwaba sesikhathini samanje futhi walwethula ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.
2. Umagzhan zhumabayev (18661919) wayengumsekeli omkhulu Wokwenziwa kwesilatini kolimi lwesikazakh. Waqhubeka nomsebenzi Ka-Abay futhi unesibopho sokwakha izinhlamvu zamagama zesilatini zasekazakh zanamuhla.
3. Ubauyrzhan momyshuly (18971959) wayengumbhali odumile, imbongi kanye nosopolitiki wasekazakhstan odunyiswa ngokuthuthukisa ulimi lwesikazakh lube ulimi oluhlanganisiwe, olujwayelekile.
4. Umukhtar auezov (18971961) – umbhali wasekazakh onethonya, U-auezov wayezibophezele ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesikazakh namasiko.. Wabhala izincwadi eziningi ngesikazakh, enza uhlelo lokubhala lwesilatini lwaziwa.
5. Ukenzhegali bulegenov (1913-1984) – Bulegenov wayengusosayensi wezilimi obalulekile futhi engumuntu ovelele ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesikazakh. Wasebenza ezincwadini eziningi, ezichazamazwini nasezinhlelweni zolimi, esiza ekwenzeni isikazakh sibe ulimi lokubhala.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesikazakh (isilatini) sinjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesikazakh (isilatini) sisekelwe kakhulu olimini lwesiturkey. Ifonoloji yayo ibonakala ngokuvumelana kwezwi, izinga eliphakeme lokunciphisa imisho, nokuthanda imisho evulekile. Ngokwe-grammatic, ulimi oluhlanganisa kakhulu, olunamagama nezichasiso ezibonisa ama-affix amaningi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamapharadigm okuguquguquka. Uhlelo lwayo lwesenzo nalo luyinkimbinkimbi, lunezinhlelo ezimbili zamagama (ezivamile nezisizayo), iziqalo, izijobelelo kanye nohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwesimo nesimo sengqondo. Uhlelo lokubhala lwesikazakh (isilatini) luyi-alfabhethi elisekelwe olimini lwesilatini.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Kazakh (Latin) ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Funda izinhlamvu zamagama. Izinhlamvu zamagama zesikazakh zibhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesilatini, ngakho kuyodingeka ufunde izinhlamvu ezingu-26 nemisindo yazo.
2. Jwayelana lolimi eziyisisekelo. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokutadisha izincwadi ezikhuluma ngezinto eziyisisekelo zolimi noma ngezinsiza ezikuyi-internet njengamavidiyo E-YouTube.
3. Prakthiza ukukhuluma. Njengoba lolu limi lungakhulunywa kabanzi, kungase kudingeke uthole umuntu olukhulumayo noma inkambo yomsindo eku-inthanethi ongazijwayeza ngayo.
4. Ukutshala imali kwezinye izinto zokufunda ezisezingeni. Lezi zingahlanganisa izincwadi, izifundo zomsindo noma zevidiyo, noma ngisho namawebhusayithi nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
5. Lalela izikhulumi zomdabu kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungasebenzisa umculo, imibukiso yethelevishini, ama-video, nama-podcast ukukusiza ukuba ujwayele isigqi esivamile solimi.
6. Inselelo ngokwakho. Funda silulumagama ezintsha kanye practice usebenzisa it in izingxoxo. Zama ukubhala imibhalo nokuyifunda ngokuzwakalayo.
7. Ungadikibali! Ukufunda ulimi kuyinqubo ende, ngakho yiba nesineke futhi nijabula nalo!

Isikhmer siwulimi olusemthethweni Ecambodia futhi sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16 emhlabeni wonke. Lolu limi lungolwemindeni Yezilimi Zase-Austroasiatic, ezihlanganisa Izilimi Zasevietnam Nezasemon-Khmer ezifana Nesikhmer Nesimon. Isikhmer sihlukile ikakhulukazi ezihlotsheni zaso Eningizimu-Mpumalanga Ye-Asia ngenxa yesimiso saso sokubhala. Umbhalo Wesikhmer, owaziwa ngokuthi "Khmer Rouge" ngenxa yokuhlobana kwawo ngokomlando neqembu elibusayo Lamakhomanisi phakathi Nempi yombango Yasecambodia, usebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu zamakhonsonanti nezimpawu zokubhala ezinama-syllabic.

Naphezu kwezimpawu zayo zokubhala, isimiso sokubhala Samakhmer silula ukusifunda uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izilimi zasempumalanga Asia. Izinhlamvu zihlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile, okwenza kube lula ukuzifunda. Lokhu kusiza ekwenzeni ukuhumusha Isikhmer kube lula kunokuhumusha okuhilela ezinye izilimi.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesikhmer ziya ngokuya zifunwa ngenxa yokwanda kwezokuvakasha namathuba ebhizinisi Ecambodia. Ngenxa yalokho, kuye kwavela izinkampani eziningi zokuhumusha ukuze zisize ekuvaleni igebe phakathi kwesingisi Nesikhmer.

Lapho ukhetha inkampani yokuhumusha Yesikhmer, kubalulekile ukucabangela okuhlangenwe nakho komhumushi nolwazi lwakhe lolimi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhumushi ujwayelene nesiko futhi ugcizelela ama-nuances athile olimini okungenzeka ukuthi anganakwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani yokuhumusha inikeza izinguqulo ezinembile nezifike ngesikhathi. Lokhu kungenza umehluko lapho uxhumana namabhizinisi noma abantu Ecambodia. Ukunemba kuyisihluthulelo semibhalo yebhizinisi nezivumelwano, ngakho kukhokhela ukutshala imali kubahumushi abathembekile Abangamakhmer.

Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuthola inkampani yokuhumusha enikeza amanani okuncintisana. Njengoba izinkampani eziningi kangaka zinikeza izinsizakalo Zokuhumusha Ngesikhmer, ikhokha ukuze ithenge futhi iqhathanise amanani ukuze ithole isivumelwano esihle kakhulu.

Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesikhmer zingaba usizo olukhulu kubantu ngabanye nakumabhizinisi afuna ukwenza ibhizinisi Ecambodia. Ngomhumushi ofanele, bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kwabo kunembile futhi kufanelekile ngokwenkolo. Ngakho unganqikazi ukubheka Khmer translation services uma une isidingo kubo.

Yimaphi amazwe Akhulunywa Ngolimi Lwesikhmer?

Ulimi Lwesikhmer lukhulunywa Kakhulu Ecambodia. Kukhulunywa Nasevietnam Nasethailand, phakathi kwamanye amazwe.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesikhmer?

Ulimi Lwesikhmer luwulimi lwase-Austroasiatic olukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-16 Ecambodia, Evietnam, Ethailand Nasefrance. Luwulimi olusemthethweni Ecambodia futhi belusetshenziswa kule ndawo kusukela ngekhulu lokuqala A. D..
Imibhalo yokuqala eyaziwayo Ngesikhmer iqala ngekhulu lesi-7 a. d., kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi lolu limi lwalukhona isikhathi eside kunalokho. Emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambi kwekhulu lesi-7, Umbuso Wamakhmer wawubuswa abantu Abakhuluma isisanskrit Endiya. Ngekhulu lesi-8, ulimi Lwesikhmer lwaqala ukuvela njengesilimi esihlukile.
Ulimi Lwesikhmer nalo lwaluthonywe kakhulu ulimi Lwesipali, olwaluthathwe Eningizimu India ngekhulu lesi-9 yizithunywa zevangeli Zamabuddha Zasendiya. Ithonya Lesipali nesisanskrit, elihlanganiswe nolimi lwendabuko lwase-Austroasiatic lwalesi sifunda, lazala Isikhmer sanamuhla.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Isikhmer siye sathandwa kakhulu futhi manje siwulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu Ecambodia. Futhi ingenye yezilimi ezisemthethweni Zenhlangano yezizwe Zaseningizimu-Mpumalanga Asia (ASEAN).

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesikhmer?

1. Upreah Ang Eng (wekhulu le-17): umuntu obalulekile emlandweni wolimi Lwesikhmer, Upreah Ang Eng wabhala imisebenzi eminingana eyasiza ekulondolozeni nasekukhuthazeni ulimi. Uhlonishwa ngokusungula umshini wokuqala Wokunyathelisa Eningizimu-Mpumalanga Ye-Asia kanye nokwethula inguqulo ebhaliwe yolimi Lwesikhmer.
2. Uchey Chankirirom (ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19): Uchey chankirirom uthathwa njengomunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kolimi lwesikhmer lwanamuhla. Wasungula indlela yokubhala esekelwe embhalweni wesidevanagari osasetshenziswa nanamuhla futhi wayenesibopho sokwenza ukupela amagama nohlelo lolimi kube yinto evamile.
3. Uthong hy (ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20): Uthong hy waziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe omusha ekuthuthukiseni Isichazamazwi Sesikhmer. Isichazamazwi sakhe sanyatheliswa ngo-1923 futhi sisasetshenziswa kabanzi njengethuluzi lokubhekisela olimini Lwesikhmer.
4. Uvenerable chuon nath (wekhulu lama-20): umbhishobhi Wasewat botum Vaddey, Uvenerable chuon nath uhlonishwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe wokulondoloza nokukhuthaza ulimi Lwesikhmer. Wayengomunye wabantu bokuqala ukuhlanganyela izimfundiso Zobubuddha Ngesikhmer futhi uvame ukuhlonishwa ngokusiza ekulondolozeni isiko lamakhmer.
5. Uhuy Kanthoul (wekhulu lama-21): Omunye wabantu abanethonya elikhulu olimini Lwesikhmer namuhla, Uhuy Kanthoul unguprofesa nesazi sezilimi esisebenze ngokungakhathali ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesikhmer kwezemfundo. Uye wasungula izincwadi eziningana zolimi Lwesikhmer futhi ungummeli oqinile wamalungelo olimi Lwesikhmer.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesikhmer sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesikhmer luwulimi lwase-Austroasiatic, oluphakathi komndeni omncane wamamonkhmer. Luwulimi lokuhlaziya olunohlelo lwamagama oluhlobene nesenzo nesenzo futhi lusebenzisa izijobelelo esikhundleni sezijobelelo. Inesimiso esicebile sezijobelelo, kuhlanganise nezijobelelo ezihlukahlukene, izijobelelo, nezijobelelo. Amagama Its abhalwe ngenombolo futhi izenzi zawo zibhalwe ngomuntu, inombolo, isici, izwi nesimo sengqondo. Futhi inohlelo lwamathoni olunamathoni amahlanu, asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izincazelo ezihlukahlukene.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Khmer ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda zamagama: Khmer kulotshiwe usebenzisa umbhalo abugida ngokuthi Aksar Khmer, ngakho kubalulekile ukuqala ngokujwayelana ngokwakho izinhlamvu kanye nezindlela zabo ezihlukahlukene. Ungathola izinsiza online ukukusiza ufunde zamagama.
2. Master silulumagama eziyisisekelo: Uma ujwayelene zamagama, uqale ukusebenza ekufundeni amagama ayisisekelo nemishwana Khmer. Ungasebenzisa izichazamazwi online, izincwadi zokufunda, kanye zokusebenza ukubheka up amazwi kanye practice pronunciation.
3. Thatha ikilasi: Uma ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi ufunda ulimi ngendlela efanele, bhalisela ikilasi lolimi Lwesikhmer esikoleni noma eyunivesithi yendawo. Ukuthatha ikilasi kuzokunika ithuba lokubuza imibuzo nokuzijwayeza nomfundisi.
4. Lalela izikhulumi zomdabu: ukuze ujwayelane ngempela nendlela Khmer kukhulunywa, zama ukuchitha isikhathi esithile ukulalela izikhulumi zomdabu. Ungabuka imibukiso yethelevishini noma amabhayisikobho Ngesikhmer, ulalele ama-podcast, noma uthole izingoma ngolimi.
5. Prakthiza ukubhala nokukhuluma: Uma une ukuqonda eziyisisekelo ulimi, uqale ukuprakthiza ukubhala nokukhuluma Khmer. In ukufunda ngolimi bese uzama ukuba nezingxoxo nezikhulumi zomdabu. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukwakha ukuzethemba nokuthuthukisa amakhono akho.