Isibosnian Isijapanese Guqulela

Ngaba ufuna umguquleli othembekileyo nothembekileyo? Ngeenkampani ezininzi zokuguqulela phaya, kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba loluphi olona khetho lufanelekileyo. Nasi isikhokelo sokukunceda ufumane umguquleli wasebosnia ofanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho.

Xa ujonga umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba banamava kwiiprojekthi zolwimi Lwasebosnia. Umguquleli wasebosnia kufuneka abe nomyalelo olungileyo wolwimi, ulwazi lwenkcubeko, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala. Xa usebenzisa inkonzo yokuguqulela, kuhlala kulungile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayaziqonda iinkcukacha zolwimi Lwasebosnia-njengolwimi olwahlukileyo olufumaneka Ebosnia Naseherzegovina.

Ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu xa uguqulela Ukusuka Kwisibosnia ukuya kwezinye iilwimi, njengoko kukho izinto ezininzi ezifuna ukubanjwa ngokuchanekileyo. Umguquleli olungileyo wasebosnia uya kuba nakho ukuthatha amabinzana e-idiomatic kunye nobuqili bolwimi, eqinisekisa ukuba isicatshulwa santlandlolo siguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, khangela inkonzo enokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso somgangatho.

Ukuhanjiswa kwangexesha kukwayinto ephambili xa ukhetha umguquleli Wasebosnia. Kubalulekile ukuba ujonge ixesha lokutshintsha kwiprojekthi nganye yolwimi kwaye ufumane uqikelelo lokuba ingagqitywa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ukuba inkampani ayinakuzibophelela ekuhambiseni uxwebhu oluguqulelweyo ngomhla othile, kububulumko ukujonga kwenye indawo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindleko zenkonzo yokuguqulela. Nangona ixabiso akufanele libe yinto kuphela ekukhetheni umguquleli Wasebosnia, kulungile ukuthenga ngeenxa zonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo lemali. Iindleko zokuguqulela zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubude kunye nobunzima boxwebhu, kunye nesibini solwimi.

Ngokuphanda ngokucokisekileyo iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasebosnia, kufuneka ukwazi ukufumana umboneleli onokuthenjwa kwaye ohloniphekileyo ohlangabezana neemfuno zakho. Ngomguquleli ofanelekileyo, unokubathemba ukuba baya kuhambisa uxwebhu oluphezulu, ngexesha, kunye nexabiso elifikelelekayo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasebosnia?

Ulwimi Lwasebosnia luthethwa ikakhulu Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, kodwa lukwathethwa kwezinye iindawo Zaseserbia, Emontenegro, Ecroatia nakwamanye amazwe angabamelwane.

Lithini igama lolwimi Lwasebosnia?

Iingcambu zembali zolwimi Lwasebosnia (ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yibosniak, Ibosančica, okanye Iserbo-croatia) zintsonkothile kwaye zininzi. Ulwimi Yi-South Slavic ulwimi, ezifana yayo neighboring iilwimi, isicroatian kwaye isiserbia. Le nguqulo inemvelaphi yolwimi Lwasebalkan lwamaxesha aphakathi athethwa Ngamakristu Asebosnia kuloo Mmandla ebudeni Bamaxesha Aphakathi. Olu lwimi lwakhula ngokuthe ngcembe de lwaba lulwimi olwahlukileyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, iingcali zeelwimi zasecroatia Naseserbia zasebenza kunye ukudala ulwimi olubhaliweyo oludibeneyo kuzo zonke iilwimi Zasemzantsi Slavic zommandla, nangona abanye bathi, ngenxa yoko, zonke iilwimi ezintathu ziye zathathwa njengeziyelelane zolwimi olufanayo, olubizwa Ngokuba Yiserbo-croatia.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 nasekuqaleni kweyee-1990, Ibosnia Neherzegovina yabhengeza ukuzimela geqe Eyugoslavia. Oku kwakhokelela ekwandeni kobuzwe Phakathi Kwamabosnia, nto leyo eyabangela ingcamango "yolwimi Lwasebosnia." Olu lwimi lwadalwa ngokuphuhliswa kolwimi, njengokuqaliswa kwamagama amatsha kunye namabinzana athathwe kwisiarabhu, isiturkish kunye nezinye iilwimi.
Namhlanje, ulwimi Lwasebosnia lubonwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Ebosnia Naseherzegovina kwaye lufundiswa ezikolweni, kunye nokuthethwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwabemi. Ukongeza kwiindidi eziqhelekileyo Zesibosnia, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezimbini Zesibosnia ezithethwa kwimimandla ethile yelizwe :štokavian Kunye Nekajkavian.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasebosnia?

1. Umatija Divković (ikhulu le-15) - icroatian humanist kunye nepolyglot owabhala isichazi - Magama Sokuqala Sasebosnia.
2. I – pavao Ritter Vitezović (i-17th century) - umbhali wasecroatia obizwa ngokuba ngumgangatho wolwimi Lwasebosnia kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Tractatus de origine et incrementis Slavorum Illyricorum".
3. Franjo Rački (ngenkulungwane ye-19) - umbhali-mbali wasecroatia, philologist nomphengululi Weslavic owabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi nenkcubeko Yasebosnia.
4. Uandrija Kacic Miosic (ngenkulungwane ye-19) - imbongi yasecroatia, umbhali nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga owaba negalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwangoku Lwasebosnia.
5. Ngo-agasti Cesarec (ikhulu lama-20) – imbongi yasecroatia, umbhali, ulwimi, umhleli kunye nompapashi owabhala amanqaku amaninzi kunye neencwadi ngolwimi Lwasebosnia kunye nenkcubeko.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Lwasebosnia?

Ulwimi lwasemzantsi Slavic oluhambelana kakhulu nesicroatia nesiserbia. Ilandela inkqubo efanayo ye-phonological njengesicroatia nesiserbia, kodwa kunye nokungafani kwezikhamiso. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ebosnia Naseherzegovina kwaye ikwathethwa Emontenegro, Eserbia Nasecroatia. Igrama yayo isekwe ikakhulu kwiziyelelane ezibini eziphambili: ulwimi Lwasempuma Lweherzegovinia-Istrian kunye nesitokavia Sasentshona. Isakhiwo segrama Sasebosnia siquka ukubizwa kwesibizo, ukudibanisa isenzi, kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yamaxesha asetyenziselwa ukubonisa iziganeko ezizayo, ezidlulileyo kunye nezikhoyo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasebosnia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi esemthethweni okanye ezinye izinto. Khangela incwadi Yolwimi Lwasebosnia okanye izinto zezifundo ezenzelwe abafundi bolwimi. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zibonelela ngeyona ndlela ibanzi, eyakhiweyo yokufunda Ibosnia.
2. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi ezinezifundo zasimahla kunye nemisebenzi yokukunceda ufunde Ibosnia, Njengeduolingo, LiveMocha, Kunye Nememrise. Ukongeza, zininzi iipodcasts, iividiyo kunye neengoma ezikhoyo ukukunceda uziqhelanise.
3. Nxibelelana nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuba uyazi umntu othetha Isibosnia, lithuba elihle lokuphucula izakhono zakho zolwimi! Zama ukuthetha nabo rhoqo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukhululeke usebenzisa ulwimi.
4. Bukela Iifilimu zasebosnia kunye nomabonwakude. Ukuchitha ixesha ukubukela iifilimu ZASEBOSNIA kunye nemiboniso YETV yenye yeendlela ezikhawulezayo zokuphucula ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi. Qiniseka ukuba unikele ingqalelo kubizo kunye nesigama esitsha.
5. Hlala ukhuthazekile. Ukufunda ulwimi luhambo kunye nenkqubo. Zama ukuhlala ushukunyiswa kukuzibekela usukelo olusengqiqweni, uzivuze xa ufikelela kwisiganeko esibalulekileyo uze uqiniseke ukuba uyonwaba ngoxa ufunda.

Inguqulelo yasejapan yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi kunye nemibutho, kokubini Ejapan nakwamanye amazwe. Ngabemi bebonke abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-128, Ijapan lolona qoqosho lweshumi ngobukhulu emhlabeni kwaye yenye yezona ntengiso zinobunkunkqele kwihlabathi, isenza ukuba ibe ngumdlali obalulekileyo kwishishini lehlabathi.

Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani ezininzi ezifuna ukwenza ishishini Ejapan zixhomekeke kwiinkonzo zabaguquleli abanezakhono ukuze badlulisele imiyalezo yabo kubaphulaphuli bomthonyama. Kuxhomekeka kwiprojekthi, oku kunokubandakanya ukuguqulela amaxwebhu afana nezivumelwano zeshishini, iincwadi, izinto zentengiso, okanye umxholo wewebhusayithi.

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni umguquleli, kukho izinto ezimbalwa eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Okokuqala, uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba batyibilika Ngokutyibilikayo kokubini Isijapan kunye nesingesi, lolona lwimi lweshishini lamanye amazwe eliqhutywa kulo. Ukongeza, uguqulelo Lwasejapan lufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kweenkcubeko zombini kunye nokukwazi ukudlulisa ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu zolwimi ngalunye. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela amava omguquleli kunye nolwazi malunga nomxholo okhoyo.

Ukongeza ekuziqhelaniseni neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulela kunye nokukhetha umguquleli, kubalulekile ukumisela ubungakanani bexesha kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukugqiba umsebenzi. Ukuba ixesha elibekiweyo liyakhula okanye kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziguqulelwe, kunokuba ngcono ukukhupha le projekthi kwiqela lezithethi zasejapan zomthonyama. Ayizukunceda kuphela ukonga ixesha kunye nemali, kodwa umgangatho wemveliso uya kuba phezulu kakhulu.

Nangona Kunjalo, Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba Igama Lesijapane alikho nje amagama. Iinguqulelo eziyimpumelelo zifuna ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo iinkcubeko ezimbini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka nokuchaneka. Amashishini ajonge ukwandisa kwimarike Yasejapan kufuneka ke atyale imali kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ezithenjiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo yabo ivakala nabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isijapanese?

Isijapanese kuthethwa Ikakhulu Kwi-Japan, kodwa kanjalo kuthethwa kwamanye amazwe kwaye territories kuquka I-Taiwan, I-South Korea, I-Philippines, Palau, I-Northern Mariana Islands, Micronesia, Hawaii, Hong Kong, Singapore, Macau, East Timor, Brunei, kwaye iindawo i-United states ezifana California Kwaye Hawaii.

Yintoni Isijapanese ulwimi?

Imbali yolwimi Lwasejapan intsonkothile kwaye inobubanzi obahlukeneyo. Ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuqala bolwimi Olufana nolwimi Lwangoku Lwasejapan lubuyela kwikhulu le-8 AD. Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa Ukuba Ulwimi Lukhona Ejapan ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, mhlawumbi luvela kulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu Basejōmon.
Ulwimi Lwasejapan lwaphenjelelwa Kakhulu Ngamatshayina ngexesha elaziwa njengexesha Le-Heian (794-1185), eyabona ukuqaliswa kwesigama Sesitshayina, inkqubo yokubhala, kunye nokunye. Ngexesha Le-Edo (1603-1868), ulwimi Lwasejapan lwaluphuhlise ifom yalo ekhethekileyo, kunye neseti eyahlukileyo yegrama kunye nenkqubo yokubhala.
Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-19, urhulumente wamkela umgaqo-nkqubo wokungenisa amagama Asentshona kunye nokuguqula amagama asejapan akhoyo abe yimali mboleko, ngelixa ephucula ulwimi Lwasejapan ngamagama emali - mboleko avela kwisingesi. Le nkqubo iqhubekile kwinkulungwane yama-21, ikhokelela kuhlobo Lwesijapan olwahluke kakhulu ngokwesigama kunye neempawu zolwimi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasejapan?

1. I-Kojiki-enye yamaxwebhu amadala abhaliweyo Ngesijapan, I-Kojiki ukuhlanganiswa kweentsomi kunye neentsomi ezivela kwiintsomi zasejapan. Yaqulunqwa Yi-Oum No Yasumaro ngekhulu le-7 kwaye ngumthombo oxabisekileyo wokuqonda ukuphuhliswa kolwimi Lwasejapan.
2. I-Prince Shoutoku Taishi (574-622) ikhuthazwa ngokukhuthaza ukusasazeka Kobubuddha Ejapan, ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokuqala yokubhala Ngesijapan, kunye nokwazisa abalinganiswa Basetshayina kulwimi.
3. Abaphengululi be – Nara-ngexesha Le-Nara (710-784) inani labaphengululi laqulunqa izichazi-magama kunye negrama ezanceda ukuguqula ulwimi Lwasejapan kwaye lusete njengolwimi olubhaliweyo.
4. Umurasaki Shikibu-Murasaki Shikibu wayengumlobi owaziwayo Wexesha Le-Heian (794-1185) kwaye imibhalo yakhe ibizwa ngokunceda ukupapasha Isijapane soncwadi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiincwadi.
5. I-Hakuun Ryoko (1199-1286) yaziwa ngokuzisa inkqubo yokubhala Yasetshayina esetyenziswa kakhulu ngexesha Lekamakura (1185-1333). Le nkqubo ibe nefuthe ekuguqukeni kolwimi Lwasejapan, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kweempawu zesilabhasi zesijapane.

Njani Ulwimi Lwasejapan lwasejapan?

Ulwimi Lwasejapan lulwimi oludumileyo olusebenzisa inkqubo yamasuntswana, ancanyathiselwe kumagama kunye namabinzana, ukubonisa ubudlelwane begrama. Lulwimi lwe-agglutinative, okuthetha ukuba ludibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya izibizo, izichazi, izenzi kunye nezenzi ezincedisayo ukwenza amagama anzima kunye namabinzana. Ukongeza, inenkqubo ye-pitch-accent apho i-pitch ye-syllables inokutshintsha intsingiselo yegama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwasejapan ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni: Qala ngokuzibekela usukelo onokulufikelela, njengokufunda ukuzazisa, ukubala ukuya kwishumi, nokubhala ialfabhethi esisiseko yehiragana nekatakana.
2. Funda inkqubo yokubhala: ukuze ukwazi ukufunda, ukubhala nokunxibelelana Ngesijapan, kufuneka ufunde i-alphabets ezimbini zefonetiki, i-hiragana kunye ne-katakana, uze uqhubekele kubalinganiswa Be-Kanji.
3. Mamela kwaye uphinde: Ziqhelise ukumamela nokuphinda amabinzana Asejapan, ukuqala ngamagama alula kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa ukuntsonkotha. Zama ukuxelisa isingqisho nesingqisho sesithethi.
4. Sebenzisa Isijapanese kangangoko kunokwenzeka: Thatha lonke ithuba lokusebenzisa Isijapan kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla ukuze uzithembe ngakumbi ngolwimi oluthethwayo.
5. Funda amaphephandaba Asejapan kunye neemagazini: Zama ukufunda amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini Ngesijapan ukuze uqhelane nendlela ebhalwe ngayo kunye nesigama esiqhelekileyo esisetyenziswayo.
6. Sebenzisa itekhnoloji: sebenzisa iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi ukukunceda ufunde ulwimi, Njengo-Anki okanye Uwanikani.
7. Yazi inkcubeko: Ukuqonda inkcubeko kunceda ukuqonda ulwimi, ngoko zama ukubukela iifilimu Zasejapan, mamela umculo Wasejapan kwaye, ukuba unako, visit Ijapan.
8. Thetha nezithethi zomthonyama: Ukuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama kunceda ukuphucula ukubizwa kwakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi.