Isivietnam Tatar Guqulela

Isivietnamese lulwimi olwahlukileyo olunoonobumba, iziyelelane kunye nemithetho yegrama eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona lwimi zinzima ukuziguqulela. Ngenxa yoko, abo bafuna iinguqulelo ezichanileyo kufuneka baqeshe umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo Wasevietnam oqonda izinto zolwimi nenkcubeko.

Evietnam, ulwimi lwesizwe lubizwa ngokuba yi-tiết, eguqulela "ulwimi Lwasevietnam.""Olu lwimi luneelwimi zalo ezibanzi nezivakalayo ezahluka-region ukusuka kwingingqi ukuya kwingingqi yaye ngokufuthi zenza kube nzima ukuba izithethi ezingezizo ezomthonyama ziqonde. Isivietnam inoonobumba baso, esibizwa Ngokuba Yichữ Qcc Ng, okanye " Iskripthi Se-Qcc Ng," esaphuhliswa ngabavangeli basemazweni ngenkulungwane ye-17 ukukhuphela ulwimi kubalinganiswa besilatini.

Igrama yasevietnam, njengoninzi lweelwimi, ilandela imigaqo ethile kunye nokwakha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzi yinto ebalulekileyo yegrama Yasevietnam, kwaye iimeko kunye neemeko zibonisa imeko yangoku okanye yexesha elizayo lesenzi. Ukongeza, izibizo kunye nezichazi Ngesivietnam zinezini ezithile kwaye zinokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo wesivakalisi. Izibizo zinokuthatha iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke ekubekeni kwazo ngaphakathi kwesivakalisi.

Isivietnam inamagama amaninzi, amagama kunye namabinzana ekunzima ukuwaguqulela ngaphandle kokuqonda okunzulu kolwimi nenkcubeko. Umzekelo, ibinzana elithi húnh phúc linokuguqulela ku "ulonwabo" ngesingesi, kodwa ngaphezulu koko-kubandakanya umbono wokufumana uxolo lwangaphakathi, ukulingana, uvuyo kunye nolwaneliseko. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka baqonde lo mahluko ufihlakeleyo ukuze badlulise umyalezo ngokuchanekileyo ngolwimi ekujoliswe kulo.

Uguqulelo Oluchanekileyo Lwesivietnam lubalulekile kwishishini, kwezomthetho kunye namanye amaxwebhu. Ukuqesha ingcali eqeqeshiweyo umguquleli Wasevietnam uqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimpawu zolwimi zithathwa kwaye zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo ngolwimi olujoliswe kulo. Ngoncedo lomguquleli onamava Wasevietnam, nasiphi na isicatshulwa sinokutolikwa ngokuchanekileyo, sivumela abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokupheleleyo umyalezo ojoliswe kuwo kunye nentsingiselo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Isivietnam?

Isivietnam lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasevietnam kwaye ikwathethwa E-Australia, Ecambodia, Ecanada, Efrance, Ejamani, Elaos, Ephilippines, Etaiwan, Eunited states nakwezinye iindawo Zasetshayina.

Yintoni Isivietnamese ulwimi?

Ulwimi Lwasevietnam lulilungu losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Austroasia, olubandakanya iilwimi ezithethwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo Ekumazantsi Mpuma Easia. Kukholelwa ukuba ulwimi lwaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-9, kodwa Isivietnam samanje sivela kwifom yolwimi oluthethwa Enyakatho Yevietnam phakathi kwekhulu le-17.
Isivietnam lulwimi lweetoni, okuthetha ukuba isebenzisa iithoni (amanqanaba e-pitch) ukwahlula amagama kunye nentsingiselo ngaphakathi kwamagama. Ikwayilwimi lwe-monosyllabic, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama amaninzi enziwe ngesilabhasi enye. Isivietnamese ibhaliwe isebenzisa i-alfabhethi yesilatini eguqulweyo, inguqu yeskripthi sesitshayina esaziwa ngokuba yi-chu nom, kunye nohlobo Lwe-japanese kanji eyaziwa ngokuba yi-chữ nôm.
Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasevietnam, Isivietnam Luye lwaphenjelelwa Kakhulu Ngamatshayina ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Kwakhona kuye kwakho iimpembelelo ezinamandla ezivela kwisifrentshi, isiphuthukezi nesingesi. Namhlanje, kukho iindlela ezintathu ezibhaliweyo ezibhaliweyo Zasevietnam: ukubhala ngokusemthethweni, ukubhala nokubhala ngokubhaliweyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasevietnam?

1. Ngo-1766-1820): Imbongi yasevietnam, eyaziwa kakhulu ngombongo wakhe we-epic, Ibali Lika-Kiuu.
2. U-Phan Bâi Châ (1867 - 1940): inkokeli Yesizwe kunye nomlando-mlando, owaziwa ngokuseka Isivietnam yanamhlanje njengolwimi olubhaliweyo.
3. I – Chí Minh (1890-1969): Ikhokelele Ivietnam kwinkululeko ngo-1945 kwaye lelona nani lidumileyo nelinempembelelo kwimbali yelizwe.
4. Tranny Ukim (1872-1928): Umphengululi Ophawuliweyo kunye norhulumente, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo kwimbali nenkcubeko Yasevietnam.
5. Phạm Quang Sáng (1926-2011): Imbongi, umgxeki woncwadi kunye neelwimi eyaziwa kakhulu ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu kuphuhliso lolwimi Lwasevietnam.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwasevietnam?

Ulwimi Lwasevietnam lulwimi lweetoni, oko kuthetha ukuba isilwimi esifanayo sinokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni yelizwi apho libizwa khona. Kwakhona lulwimi lokuhlalutya, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama akhiwa ngamacandelo amancinci (ngokukodwa, amasuntswana egrama kunye nezilungisi zamagama). Ulwimi Lwasevietnam lubhalwa kusetyenziswa ialfabhethi esekwe kwisilatini, kunye namanqaku ongezelelweyo okubonisa iitoni. Ngenxa Yokuba isivietnam iye yaphenjelelwa ngamandla yinkcubeko Yamatshayina, ulwimi oluthethwayo lukwaqulathe amagama amaninzi emali-mboleko avela Kwisitshayina.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasevietnam ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha iklasi Yolwimi Lwasevietnam. Ukufunda naluphi na ulwimi kwenziwa ngcono ngutitshala kwigumbi lokufundela. Khangela iklasi efanelekileyo elungiselelwe inqanaba lakho lokukwazi kwaye inootitshala bomthonyama.
2. Ziqhelise ukuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama. Seek izithethi zomthonyama okanye amaqabane otshintshiselwano ngeelwimi ukuze uqhelisele ukubiza kwakho kwaye wandise isigama sakho.
3. Sebenzisa izibonelelo. Thatha ithuba leencwadi, izifundo zomsindo, iikhosi ezikwi-intanethi, kunye nezinye izinto zokufunda ezinokukunceda uluqonde ngcono ulwimi.
4. Mamela kwaye ufunde rhoqo. Zama ukumamela isikhululo sikanomathotholo Sasevietnam okanye ubukele iimuvi Ngesivietnam rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba usebenzise isandi ulwimi. Ukongeza, ukufunda amaphephandaba Asevietnam okanye uncwadi kuya kwandisa ukuqonda kwakho igrama kunye nesigama.
5. Ukukhumbula amabinzana aqhelekileyo. Ukukhumbula amabinzana aqhelekileyo Ngesivietnam kuya kukunceda uqonde iziseko zolwimi ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenze kube lula ukwakha incoko.
6. Hlala ungaguquguquki. Ukufunda ulwimi kuthatha ixesha kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Musa ukulindela ukuba ube fluent ubusuku bonke; endaweni yoko, zama ukuchitha imizuzu embalwa suku ngalunye ufunda kwaye uzilolonga.

I-Tatar lulwimi oluthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasetatarstan, eyinxalenye yerussian Federation. Ulwimi Lwesiturkic kwaye lunxulumene nezinye iilwimi Zesiturkic ezinje ngesiturkish, isiuzbek, kunye nesikazakh. Kwakhona kuthethwa kwiindawo Ezithile Zaseazerbaijan, Eukraine Nasekazakhstan. I-Tatar lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasetatarstan kwaye lusetyenziswa kwezemfundo kunye nolawulo lukarhulumente.

Ngokwanda Kobukhosi baserussia, ulwimi lwesitatar lwenziwa lunyanzelekile ukuba lufunde ezikolweni kwiindawo ezaba yinxalenye Yetatarstan. Oku kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni kokusetyenziswa kwayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa ngo-1990, ulwimi lwabona ukuvuselelwa kweentlobo njengoko kwenziwa imizamo yokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

Xa kufikwa ekuguquleleni, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezikhoyo kwabo bafuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu kwitatar. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokugqiba inguqulelo yesitatar kukuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo wesitatar. Oku kunenzuzo yokuchaneka, njengoko baya kuqhelana nemiba yolwimi. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo badla ngokuba nobuchule kwiinkalo ezithile, njengenguqulelo yezomthetho, yezonyango neyezemali, ukuze bakwazi ukuguqulela ngendlela echanileyo.

Olunye ukhetho kukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuguqulela encediswa yikhompyutha. Ezi nkqubo zenzelwe ukunceda izithethi ezingezizo ezomthonyama ziguqulele amaxwebhu ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Basebenzisa i-algorithms ukudibanisa amagama kunye namabinzana ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye ngaphandle kokungenelela komntu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo zisenokungabi zichanekile njengokufumana umguquleli jonga uxwebhu.

Kukho iinkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi ezinokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo ukusuka kwisingesi ukuya kwitatar. Ezi nkonzo zihlala zilolona khetho lubiza kakhulu, kodwa azinakuqinisekisa umgangatho ofanayo nomguquleli oqeqeshiweyo. Ukuba ukhangela isisombululo esikhawulezayo nesingabizi kakhulu kwinguqulelo yesitatar, oku kunokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba usebenzisa inkonzo ethembekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi indlela oyithatha ngayo inguqulelo yakho yetatar, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka ukuphepha iingxaki ezinokubakho kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba nenguqulelo yobungcali ngokubanzi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufezekisa oku, kodwa ukuba iindleko ngumba, iinkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi okanye iinkqubo ezincediswa ngekhompyuter zinokunceda.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwesitatar?

Ulwimi lwesitatar luthethwa kakhulu Erashiya, kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6. Ikwathethwa kwamanye amazwe afana Neazerbaijan, Ikazakhstan, Ikyrgyzstan, Iturkey Neturkmenistan.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesitatar?

Ulwimi lwesitatar, ekwabizwa ngokuba Yikazan Tatar, lulwimi Lwaseturkey lweqela Lasekipchak elithethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasetatarstan, ummandla waserussia Federation. Ikwathethwa nakwezinye iindawo Zaserussia, Uzbekistan Nasekazakhstan. Imbali yolwimi lwesitatar ibuyele kwinkulungwane ye-10 xa Ivolga Bulgars yamkela Amasilamsi kwaye yaba Ngamatatar anamhlanje. Ebudeni bexesha Legolden Horde (ngenkulungwane ye-13 ukusa kweye-15), Amatatar ayephantsi kolawulo lwasemongolia yaye ulwimi lwesitatar lwaqalisa ukuphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi zesimongolia nezesipersi. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, olu lwimi luye lwenziwa utshintsho olukhulu ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwalo nezinye iziyelelane Zaseturkey, kwakunye namagama abolekiweyo esiarabhu nasepersi. Ngenxa yoko, iye yaba lulwimi olwahlukileyo olwahlukileyo kwizalamane zayo ezisondeleyo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeelwimi zommandla ziye zavela. Incwadi yokuqala eyabhalwa ngolwimi lwesitatar yapapashwa ngowe-1584, eyayinomxholo othi "Divân-i Lügatitut-Türk". Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19, ulwimi lwesitatar luye lwaqatshelwa ngokwamanqanaba awahlukahlukeneyo Bubukhosi baserashiya nasemva Kwesoviet Union. Wanikwa isikhundla esisemthethweni Etatarstan ngexesha Lesoviet, kodwa wajamelana nokucinezelwa ngexesha Likastalin. Ngo-1989, ialfabhethi yesitatar yatshintshwa ukusuka Kwisicyrillic ukuya Kwisilatinized kwaye ngo-1998, Iriphabhlikhi Yasetatarstan yabhengeza ulwimi lwesitatar njengolwimi olusemthethweni. Namhlanje, olu lwimi lusathethwa zizithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-8 Erashiya, ubukhulu becala phakathi koluntu lwamatatar.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesitatar?

1. Ugabdulla Tukay (1850-1913): imbongi yesitatar kunye nombhali wemidlalo obhala ngeelwimi zesiuzbek, isirashiya, kunye nesitatar kwaye waba negalelo ekudumiseni ulwimi lwesitatar kunye noncwadi.
2. I-tatar (inkulungwane ye-17): umbhali we-tatar owabhala igrama ebalulekileyo yolwimi lwesitatar kwaye ubizwa ngokuba nokuphuhlisa uhlobo olukhethekileyo lokubhala imibongo.
3. I-Tegähirä Askänavi (1885-1951): umphengululi wesitatar kunye nolwimi oluphando ngolwimi lwesitatar lwalubalulekile kuphuhliso lwayo.
4. Mäxämmädiar Zarnäkäev (ngenkulungwane ye-19): umbhali nembongi yesitatar eyabhala isichazi-magama sokuqala sale mihla sesitatar yaza yanceda ekumiseleni ulwimi lwesitatar.
5. Ildär Faizi (1926-2007): umbhali wetatar kunye nentatheli eyabhala amabali amaninzi kunye neencwadi ngesitatar kwaye yanegalelo elikhulu ekuvuseleleni ulwimi lokubhala lwesitatar.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesitatar?

Isakhiwo solwimi lwesitatar sinobuchule, kunye ne-agglutinative morphology. Inamatyala amane (ukutyunjwa, i-genitive, accusative and locative) kunye namadoda amathathu (ubudoda, ubufazi, kunye ne-neuter). Izenzi zidibanisa ngomntu, inani, kunye nomoya, kunye nezibizo zincipha ngetyala, isini, kunye nenani. Ulwimi lunenkqubo entsonkothileyo yezikhundla kunye namasuntswana anokubonisa izinto ezinje ngomba, ulwalathiso kunye nendlela yokuziphatha.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesitatar ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qiniseka ukuba unokufikelela kwizinto ezisemgangathweni – kukho inani lezixhobo zokufunda ulwimi lwesitatar ezifumaneka kwi-intanethi nakwiivenkile zeencwadi, ke qiniseka ukuba unokufikelela kwezona zinto zilungileyo.
2. Ziqhelanise nealfabhethi-Ekubeni isitatar sibhalwe ngesicyrillic script, qiniseka ukuba uqhelene nealfabhethi ekhethekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ulwimi.
3. Funda ukubiza kunye noxinzelelo-i-Tatar isebenzisa inkqubo enzima yokutshintsha kwezikhamiso kunye noxinzelelo kwiisilabhasi, ngoko uqhelise ukubiza kwakho kwaye ufunde ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezikhamiso ezixinzelelekileyo nezingaxinzelelekanga.
4. Ukuqhelana nemithetho yegrama esisiseko kunye nesakhiwo-ukuqonda kakuhle igrama esisiseko kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi kubalulekile xa kuziwa ekufundeni naluphi na ulwimi.
5. Mamela, ubukele kwaye ufunde-Ukumamela, ukubukela nokufunda ngesitatar kuya kukunceda ukuba uqhelane nesandi solwimi, kunye nokukunika ukuziqhelanisa nesigama kunye namabinzana.
6. Yiba neencoko-Ukuncokola rhoqo nomntu othetha isitatar yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi. Zama ukuthetha kancinci kwaye ngokucacileyo ekuqaleni kwaye ungoyiki ukwenza iimpazamo.