Esperanto Isi-indonesia Humusha

Isi-Esperanto siwulimi lwamazwe ngamazwe olwakhiwa ngo-1887 Udkt.L. l. Zamenhof, udokotela nesazi sezilimi esizalwa epoland. Lwaluklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ukuqonda kwamazwe ngamazwe nokuxhumana kwamazwe ngamazwe, futhi lube ulimi lwesibili olusebenzayo kubantu abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene. Namuhla, Isi-Esperanto sikhulunywa abantu abayizigidi eziningana emazweni angaphezu kwe-100, futhi sisetshenziswa izinhlangano eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe njengolimi olusebenzayo.

Uhlelo lolimi Lwesi-Esperanto lubhekwa njengolulula kakhulu, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukulufunda kunezinye izilimi. Lokhu kulula kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhumusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Isi-Esperanto samukelwa kabanzi futhi siyaqondakala, sivumela ukuba sisetshenziswe emisebenzini yokuhumusha eyayingadinga izilimi eziningi.

Ukuhumusha isi-Esperanto kunendawo eyingqayizivele ezweni lokuhumusha. Ngokungafani nezinye izinguqulo, ezakhiwe izikhulumi zolimi okubhekiswe kulo, ukuhumusha Isi-Esperanto kuncike kubahumushi abanolwazi oluhle lwesi-Esperanto nolimi oluwumthombo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abahumushi akudingeki babe izikhulumi zomdabu zanoma yiluphi ulimi ukuze bahumushe ngokunembile.

Lapho kuhunyushwa ukwaziswa okuvela olimini olulodwa Kuya Olimini Lwesi-Esperanto, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulimi oluwumthombo lumelelwa ngokunembile ekuhumusheni okuvelayo. Lokhu kungaba inselele, njengoba ezinye izilimi ziqukethe imishwana, amagama, nemiqondo engahunyushelwa ngokuqondile Olimini Lwesi-Esperanto. Kungase kudingeke ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lezi zincazelo zolimi lokuqala zivezwa kahle enguqulweni Yesi-Esperanto.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba Isi-Esperanto singenayo imiqondo noma amagama athile, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukuzungeza ukuze uchaze le mibono ngokucacile nangokunembile. Lena enye yezindlela ukuhumusha Isi-Esperanto okuhluke kakhulu ngazo ekuhumusheni okwenziwa kwezinye izilimi, lapho inkulumo noma umqondo ofanayo ungaba nokulingana okuqondile.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhumusha Isi-Esperanto kuyithuluzi eliyingqayizivele neliwusizo lokukhuthaza ukuqonda nokuxhumana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuthembela kubahumushi abanokuqonda okujulile kokubili ulimi oluwumthombo Nesi-Esperanto, izinguqulo zingaqedwa ngokushesha nangokunembile. Ekugcineni, ngokusebenzisa ukuzungeza ukuze kuvezwe imiqondo nezinkulumo ezinzima, abahumushi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi incazelo yolimi oluwumthombo idluliselwa ngokunembile enguqulweni Yesi-Esperanto.

Yiluphi ulimi Olukhulunywa Isi-Esperanto?

Isi-Esperanto asilona ulimi olwaziwa ngokusemthethweni kunoma yiliphi izwe. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-2 emhlabeni wonke bayakwazi ukukhuluma Isi-Esperanto, ngakho sikhulunywa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Kukhulunywa kakhulu emazweni asengejalimane, Ijapane, Ipoland, Ibrazil Nechina.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesi-Esperanto?

Isi-Esperanto siwulimi lwamazwe ngamazwe olwakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 udokotela wamehlo wasepoland Ul.l. Zamenhof. Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukuklama ulimi olwaluyoba ibhuloho elisetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwamasiko, izilimi nezizwe. Wakhetha ulimi olulula ngokwezilimi, ayekholelwa ukuthi kwakuyoba lula ukulufunda kunezilimi ezikhona.
Uzamenhof washicilela incwadi yokuqala ngolimi lwakhe, Ethi "Unua Libro" ("Incwadi Yokuqala"), ngojulayi 26, 1887 ngaphansi kwegama eliqanjiwe Elithi Dr. Esperanto (okusho ukuthi "umuntu onethemba"). I-Esperanto yasakazeka ngokushesha futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka yayisibe ukunyakaza kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwabhalwa izincwadi eziningi ezibucayi nezifundwayo ngalolu limi. Umhlangano wokuqala Wezizwe zonke wabanjelwa Efrance ngo-1905.
Ngo-1908, kwasungulwa I-Universal Esperanto Association (UEA) ngenjongo yokukhuthaza ulimi nokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, amazwe amaningana amukela Isi-Esperanto njengolimi lwawo olusemthethweni olusizayo futhi kwakhiwa imiphakathi emisha eminingana emhlabeni wonke.
Impi Yezwe Ii yabangela ukucindezeleka ekuthuthukiseni Isi-Esperanto, kodwa asizange sife. Ngo-1954, i-UEA yamukela Isimemezelo Saseboulogne, esachaza izimiso eziyisisekelo nezinjongo Zesi-Esperanto. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukwamukelwa kwesimemezelo Samalungelo Esi-Esperanto ngo-1961.
Namuhla, Isi-Esperanto sikhulunywa izinkulungwane eziningana zabantu emhlabeni wonke, ngokuyinhloko njengento yokuzilibazisa, nakuba ezinye izinhlangano zisakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwaso njengolimi olusebenzayo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesi-Esperanto?

1. Uludoviko Zamenhof-Umdali wolimi Lwesi-Esperanto.
2. Uwilliam Auld-imbongi nombhali Wasescotland owabhala inkondlo eyingqopha-mlando ethi "Adiaי" Ngesi-Esperanto, kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi ngolimi.
3. Uhumphrey tonkin-uprofesa Wasemelika nowayengumongameli We-Universal Esperanto Association oye wabhala izincwadi ezingaphezu kweshumi Nambili Ngesi-Esperanto.
4. Ul. L. Zamenhof Indodana Kaludoviko Zamenhof nomshicileli Wefundamento de Esperanto, uhlelo lolimi lokuqala olusemthethweni nesichazamazwi Sesi-Esperanto.
5. Uprobal dasgupta-umbhali, umhleli nomhumushi wasendiya owabhala incwadi eqondile yohlelo lolimi Lwesi-Esperanto, Ethi "The New simplified Grammar of Esperanto". Uphinde adunyiswe ngokuvuselela lolu limi Endiya.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesi-Esperanto sinjani?

Isi-Esperanto siwulimi olwakhiwe, okusho ukuthi lwaklanywa ngamabomu ukuze lube oluvamile, olunengqondo, futhi kube lula ukulufunda. Luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama okusho ukuthi amagama amasha akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa izimpande nama-affix, okwenza ulimi lube lula kakhulu ukulufunda kunezilimi zemvelo. Ukuhleleka kwamagama okuyisisekelo kulandela iphethini efanayo yezilimi eziningi Zaseyurophu: isihloko isenzo into (svo). Uhlelo lolimi lulula kakhulu njengoba kungekho sihloko esicacile noma esingacacile futhi kungekho mehluko wobulili kumabizo. Futhi akukho ukungahambi kahle, okusho ukuthi uma usufunde imithetho, ungayisebenzisa kunoma yiliphi igama.

Indlela ukufunda Ulimi Esperanto ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Start ngokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo zolimi Lwesi-Esperanto. Funda eziyisisekelo lolimi, silulumagama, futhi pronunciation. Kunezinsiza eziningi zamahhala ezikuyi-internet, njenge-duolingo, I-lernu, Ne-La Lingvo Internacia.
2. Prakthiza usebenzisa ulimi. Khuluma Ngesi-Esperanto nabakhuluma isi-Esperanto noma emphakathini we-Esperanto oku-inthanethi. Lapho kungenzeka khona, iya emicimbini Yama-Esperanto nasemihlanganweni yokufundisana. Lokhu kuzokusiza ufunde ulimi ngendlela engokwemvelo futhi uthole impendulo evela izikhulumi abanolwazi.
3. Funda izincwadi futhi ubuke amabhayisikobho In Esperanto. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwakho ulimi futhi kukusize ukwakha silulumagama yakho.
4. Thola umlingani ingxoxo noma ukuthatha inkambo Esperanto. Ukuba nomuntu ozofunda ulimi njalo kuyindlela enhle yokufunda.
5. Sebenzisa ulimi ngangokunokwenzeka. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuba nekhono kunoma yiluphi ulimi iwukuyisebenzisa ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungakhathaliseki ubhekene ukuxoxa nabangani noma ngokubhala imeyili, sebenzisa Okuningi Esperanto ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuhunyushwa Kwesi-Indonesia: Isiqondiso Esibanzi

Ulimi Lwesi-Indonesia luyithuluzi elikhulu lokuxhumana emhlabeni namuhla, njengoba izikhulumi zalo zomdabu zingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-237. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha Zase-Indonesia zifunwa kakhulu, njengoba amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye befuna ukuhumushela okuqukethwe kwabo olimini lomunye wemikhakha yezomnotho emikhulu emhlabeni. Kulesi umhlahlandlela olunzulu, sizobe ukuhlola konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana translation Indonesian, kusukela lapho izilimi ezikhulunywa imikhuba engcono ukusebenza nabahumushi Indonesian.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda izilimi ezihlukahlukene zolimi Lwesi-Indonesia. Nakuba Isibahasa Indonesia siwulimi olusemthethweni olusetshenziswa uhulumeni nemfundo, kunezilimi eziningi zesifunda ezikhulunywa abantu abavamile. Ngokwesibonelo, Isijava siwulimi oluvame kakhulu e-Indonesia, olusetshenziswa cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabantu, kuyilapho Isisundanese sikhulunywa cishe ngo-17%. Ezinye izilimi zesifunda zihlanganisa Isibetawi, Isimadurese, Isiminangkabo Nesi-Acehnese.

Uma ufuna umhumushi Indonesian, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isevisi usebenzisa ujwayelene ulimi oluthile oludingayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kwakho kunembile futhi akuthambekele ekungaxhumani kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi professional translation agencies bayoba abahumushi abakhethekile ngezilimi ezahlukene zesifunda, kanjalo uqiniseke uthola umhumushi ilungelo project yakho.

Uma uthola umhumushi Ofanelekayo Wase-Indonesia, kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezinhle kakhulu okufanele uzilandele ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola okuningi enkonzweni yakho yokuhumusha. Okokuqala, nikeza umhumushi ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe mayelana project yakho, kuhlanganise material umthombo, yimuphi terminology ethize ungase usebenzise, futhi izilaleli zakho target. Umhumushi onolwazi uzokwazi ukusebenza nalolu lwazi ukukunikeza izinguqulo ezinembile nezifanelekile ngokwesiko.

Omunye umkhuba obalulekile okumelwe ukhunjulwe ukunikeza umhumushi wakho isikhathi esanele sokwenza umsebenzi wakhe. Umhumushi kudingeka anikezwe isikhathi esanele sokufunda nokucwaninga umthombo, kanye nokubuyekeza ukuhumusha. Uma ugijimela kubo, izinguqulo zakho zingase zihlupheke.

Ekugcineni, kuwumqondo omuhle njalo ukuhlola kabili ukuhumusha ngaphambi kokukhululwa. Isethi yesibili yamehlo enokuhlangenwe nakho ingakwazi ukubamba noma yikuphi ukubhala noma ukungaqondani okungenzeka ngaphambi kokuba isakazeke.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kwakho Kwesi-Indonesia kunembile futhi kuhlobene namasiko. With umhumushi ilungelo, ungakwazi ngokuzethemba ukuxhumana nezwe Indonesian-abakhuluma. Inhlanhla!

Yiluphi ulimi Olukhulunywa E-Indonesia?

Isi-indonesia siwulimi olusemthethweni E-Indonesia, futhi sikhulunywa Nasempumalanga Timor nasezingxenyeni ezithile zasemalaysia.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesi-Indonesia?

Ulimi Lwesi-Indonesia, olwaziwa nangokuthi Isibahasa Indonesia, luwulimi olusemthethweni E-Indonesia futhi lunomsuka walo ohlotsheni oludala lolimi Lwesimalay. Ulimi lokuqala Lwesimalay, olwaziwa Ngokuthi Isimalay Esidala, lwalusetshenziswa kulo lonke Isiqhingi Sasemalay kusukela okungenani ngekhulu lesi-7 ce. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhwebelana nokusabalala kobusulumane kwaqhubeka kuthonya ulimi futhi ekugcineni lwahlukana lwaba yilokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi izilimi eziningi ezahlukene zesimalay nezilimi. Ekhulwini le-19, amakoloni asenetherlands aletha amagama amaningi alolu limi, aziwa Ngokuthi Isimalaysia. Ekugcineni, ekhulwini lama-20, lolu limi lwaqhubeka lwaba Yilokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi Isi-Indonesia Sanamuhla. Lolu limi lwamenyezelwa njengolimi olusemthethweni lwesizwe Sase-Indonesia ngo-1945 ngemva kokuba izwe lithole inkululeko, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lolu limi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula, kwamukelwa amagama amasha nokupela amagama.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesi-Indonesia?

1. U-Amir syarifuddin (18611916): wayaziwa ngokuthi 'Ubaba Wezincwadi Zase-Indonesia' futhi wabhala imisebenzi eminingana ephawulekayo, kufaka phakathi i - "rangkaian puisi dan Prosa" (Uchungechunge Lwezinkondlo Nephrozi).
2. Uraden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat (19031959): ubhekwa njengomsunguli wolimi lwesi-Indonesia lwanamuhla Futhi waba nesibopho sokwakhiwa Kwesichazamazwi Solimi Lwesi-Indonesia.
3. Upramoedya Ananta toer (1925-2006): Utoer wayengumbhali odumile Wase-Indonesia nesazi-mlando esabhala izincwadi eziningi ngesi-Indonesia nangesidashi. Futhi wasiza ekuthuthukiseni isitayela sokubhala sesimanje ngolimi Lwesi-Indonesia.
4. Umohammad Yamin (1903-1962): wayengusopolitiki nombhali Wase-Indonesia owaba nendima enkulu ekusungulweni Kweriphabhulikhi Yase-Indonesia. Wabhala kabanzi nangenguquko yolimi, esiza ekwakheni ulimi lukazwelonke olufanayo.
5. U-Emha ainun nadjib (1937): owaziwa nangokuthi 'Ugus mus', uyimbongi nombhali wezindatshana obhale kabanzi ngokuthuthukiswa kwezincwadi Zase-Indonesia. Imisebenzi yakhe ivame ukunconywa ngenxa yokuqonda kwayo okuhlekisayo nefilosofi.

Ulimi Lwesi-Indonesia lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesi-Indonesia sisekelwe emndenini wezilimi Zase-Austronesia, okuyigatsha leqembu elikhulu lezilimi Zasemalayo-Polynesia. Ulimi oluhlobene nesenzo nesenzo futhi lunesakhiwo esilula esinemithetho embalwa yohlelo lolimi. Amagama amaningi awaguquki futhi izikhathi zesenzo ziboniswa ngokusebenzisa izenzi ezisizayo. Isi-indonesia naso siwulimi oluhlanganisayo, olunezijobelelo eziningi nezijobelelo ezingezwe ezingxenyeni zalo ezihlukahlukene zokukhuluma. Ulimi alunawo umehluko wobulili, futhi lunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokukhuluma.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Indonesian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola incwadi enhle Yolimi Indonesian futhi ukutadisha kahle. Makeiseka ukuzijayeza silulumagama yakho, pronunciation, futhi isenzo conjugation.
2. Thatha isigaba solimi Lwesi-Indonesia uma kungenzeka. Kungakusiza ufunde uhlelo lolimi efanele kanye pronunciation kanye akunike ithuba ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma nge izikhulumi bomdabu.
3. Buka Amabhayisikobho Indonesian noma imibukiso ithelevishini ukuze uthole indlela engcono ulimi.
4. Lalela umculo Indonesian and podcasts. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokunethezeka kwekhaya lakho futhi kuzokunikeza ukuchayeka okwengeziwe olimini.
5. Funda izincwadi Indonesian. Lena indlela enkulu ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwakho ukufunda futhi wandise silulumagama yakho.
6. Prakthiza ukukhuluma nge bomdabu abakhuluma Indonesian. Uma kungenzeka, hamba Uye E-Indonesia ukuze uthole okuhlangenwe nakho okucwilisayo futhi uthole amathuba okuzijwayeza nabantu abakhuluma isi-Indonesia.
7. Thatha ikhefu ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukufunda noma yiluphi ulimi kungaba nzima, ngakhoureiseka ukuthi uthatha ikhefu uma uludinga futhi ungakhohlwa ukuzijabulisa ngenkathi ufunda!