Yiddishname Isikorean Guqulela

I-Yiddish lulwimi lwakudala oluneengcambu Ngekhulu le-10 Lejamani, nangona luthethwe Kumbindi Nasempuma Yurophu ukususela kwixesha eliphakathi. Iyindibaniselwano yeelwimi ezininzi, ikakhulu isijamani, isihebhere, Isiaramiki, Kunye neslavic iilwimi. I-Yiddish ngamanye amaxesha ithathwa njengesiyelelane, kodwa ngokwenene, ulwimi olupheleleyo kunye ne-syntax yayo, i-morphology kunye nesigama. Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kuye kwancipha ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ngenxa yokufuduka, ukufana, kunye notshintsho kwiimeko zentlalo, kodwa kusathethwa Ngamayuda amaninzi Obuothodoki kwamanye amazwe namhlanje.

Nangona kungekho sikhokelo esisemthethweni se-Yiddish, abo basathetha ngayo bayazi ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ngeenjongo zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho abantu kwihlabathi liphela abazinikele ekugcineni ulwimi ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zeyiddish. Abaguquleli banceda ukuvala ukwahlula phakathi kwabo baqonda I-Yiddish kunye nabo bangenayo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zaseyiddish zinokunceda ekufumaneni amagama esihebhere aye aba yinxalenye yolwimi Lwaseyiddish, njengamagama avela Ebhayibhileni okanye amabinzana asetyenziselwa amasiko onqulo. Ngoncedo lokuguqulela, la mabinzana angcwele anokufakwa ngokufanelekileyo ekubhaleni okanye ekuthetheni Ngesiyiddish. Kulabo abangazi kakuhle ulwimi, ukukwazi ukufikelela kwiinguqulelo Ze-Yiddish kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Iinguqulelo zamaxwebhu Eyiddish ziye zasetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi ukutyhubela imbali, njengokufuduka nokufuduka, unqulo, uncwadi, iilwimi, nembali Yamayuda. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukufumana abaguquleli abafanelekileyo Baseyiddish abaqinisekisiweyo ngesihebhere nangesijamani. Ukongeza kulwimi ngokwalo, ezi ngcali kufuneka zazi inkcubeko, umongo, kunye neemeko zemibhalo eyahlukeneyo ukuze iinguqulelo zazo zithathe ngokuchanekileyo injongo yoqobo.

Iinguqulelo zeyiddish aziboleki nje kuphela uncedo olukhulu kwabo bazama ukufunda ulwimi, kodwa zikwanceda ukugcina ulwimi luphila. Ngokuncedisa ukuthutha amagama Kunye namabinzana kwezinye iilwimi, iinguqulelo zinceda ukuthintela ulwimi ukuba lungapheli ngokupheleleyo. Ngoncedo lwabaguquleli abanezakhono, I-Yiddish igcinwa iphilile kwaye iphilile ngelixa inikezela ifestile kwinkcubeko kunye nezithethe zabantu Bamayuda.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lweyiddish?

I-Yiddish ithethwa ikakhulu kwimimandla Yamayuda Eunited States, Kwasirayeli, Erashiya, Ebelarus, Eukraine, Epoland Nasehungary. Kwakhona kuthethwa ngamanani amancinane Amayuda Efransi, Eargentina, Eostreliya, Emzantsi Afrika, Ecanada nakwamanye amazwe.

Yintoni I-Yiddish language?

I-Yiddish lulwimi oluneengcambu Zalo Kwisijamani Esiphakathi Kwaye kuthethwa kwihlabathi Lonke Ngamayuda Aseashkenazi. Iye yasebenza njengolwimi oluphambili Lwamayuda Ase-Ashkenazi ukususela ekusekweni kwayo kwinkulungwane ye-9, xa uluntu lwamayuda lwachuma kwindawo ngoku ebizwa Ngokuba Yijamani kunye nomntla Wefransi. Ngumxube weelwimi ezininzi kubandakanya isihebhere Nesiaramiki, Kunye Neslavic,Uthando Kunye Neelwimi Eziphakathi zasejamani.
I-Yiddish yaqala ukuthandwa phakathi Kwamayuda Aseyurophu malunga nekhulu le-12, xa yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengolwimi oluthethwayo kunokuba lubhalwe ngokuqhelekileyo. Oku kwakubangelwa yindawo Yamayuda, ayesoloko ehlukaniswa ngokwendawo kwaye ngaloo ndlela aphuhlise iziyelelane ezihlukeneyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-15 neye-16, Iyiddish yasasazeka Kulo Lonke Elaseyurophu, isiba lulwimi lwamayuda Aseyurophu.
I-Yiddish iye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi zasekuhlaleni Apho Amayuda ayehlala khona, ukwenzela ukuba iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphuhliswa Eyurophu, Eafrika Nasemerika. Phezu kwako nje ukwahluka kwangaphakathi, iilwimi zaseyiddish zabelana ngegrama, isivakalisi nesigama esiqhelekileyo, ezinye iziyelelane ziphenjelelwa ngamandla sisihebhere nezinye ngeelwimi ezisandul ' ukudibana.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uncwadi Lwesiyiddish lwachuma yaye kwapapashwa iincwadi namaphephancwadi amaninzi ngolwimi. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwe-anti-Semitism, ukufuduswa kwamayuda amaninzi emva Kwemfazwe YEHLABATHI II, kunye nokwamkelwa kwesingesi njengolwimi oluphambili Eunited States kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni Kweyiddish njengolwimi oluthethwayo. Namhlanje, kusekho izigidi zabantu abathetha Iyiddish ehlabathini lonke, ubukhulu becala Emntla Merika Nakwasirayeli, nangona olu lwimi lungasasetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengangaphambili.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lweyiddish?

1. U-Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922): Uben-Yehuda ubizwa ngokuvuselela ulwimi lwesihebhere, awenzayo ngokufaka amagama Amaninzi Aseyiddish kwisihebhere. Kwakhona waba ngowokuqala ukuqulunqa isichazi-magama esibanzi sesihebhere sale mihla waza wabhala amanqaku neencwadi ngolwimi.
2. Usholem Aleichem (1859-1916): U-Aleichem wayengumlobi odumileyo Waseyiddish owabhala ngobomi Bamayuda empuma Yurophu. Imisebenzi yakhe, kuquka Utevye I-Dairyman, yanceda ukwandisa nokusabalalisa I-Yiddish kwihlabathi lonke.
3. Ibanga le-Chaim (1910-1982): Ibanga lalingumlobi Owaziwayo We-Yiddish kunye nembongi. Imisebenzi yakhe, echaza imizabalazo yobomi Bamayuda, ithathwa njengenye yezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo ngolwimi Lweyiddish.
4. Umax Weinreich (1894-1969): ingcali yeelwimi, unjingalwazi kunye nomsunguli kunye nomlawuli WEYIVO Institute For Jewish Research Evilnius, Elithuania, Weinreich wanikezela umsebenzi wakhe wobomi kwisifundo kunye nokukhuthaza Iyiddish.
5. Itzik Manger (1900-1969): Manger wayeyimbongi Yiddish kwaye omnye wababhali abakhulu bekhulu lama-20. Wayenempembelelo enkulu ekuvuseleleni nasekuphuculeni ulwimi.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwe-Yiddish?

Inkqubo Ye-Yiddish iphantse yafana neyesijamani. Inamagama, amabinzana, kunye nezivakalisi ezakhiwe ngokulandelelana kwesihloko-isenzi-into. I-Yiddish ithambekele ekubeni imfutshane kunesijamani, isebenzisa amanqaku ambalwa, izindululo, kunye nezihlanganisi ezingaphantsi. I-Yiddish ayinayo inkqubo efanayo yokudibanisa izenzi njengesijamani, kwaye ezinye izenzi zihluke kulabo basejamani. I-Yiddish inamasuntswana ongezelelweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingafumanekiyo ngesijamani.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lweyiddish ngendlela echanekileyo?

Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda I-Yiddish kukuntywila kulwimi. Oku kuthetha ukumamela iincoko Zeyiddish, ukufunda iincwadi Zeyiddish kunye namaphephandaba, kunye nokubukela iimovie Zeyiddish kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude. Unokuthatha iklasi Ye-Yiddish kwiziko loluntu lendawo, iyunivesithi okanye kwi-intanethi. Qiniseka ukuba uyaziqhelanisa nokuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama ukukunceda ukuba uqhele ukubiza kunye negrama. Okokugqibela, gcina i-Yiddish-English dictionary kunye neetafile zesenzi zikulungele ukukunceda ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba unayo.

Inguqulelo yasekorea iya ibaluleke ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwihlabathi leshishini, njengoko iinkampani zijonge ukwandisa ukufikelela Kwazo Easia nangaphaya. Ngabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-51 kunye noqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza lwehlabathi, Ikorea iya isiba yimarike enomtsalane yamashishini aphesheya. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kwiinkampani ezinethemba lokusebenzisa eli qonga. Ukoyisa oku, iifemu ezininzi zijikela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela zasekorea ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zabo, iinkonzo, izinto zokuthengisa, kunye nokunye kwaziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwintengiso yabo ekujoliswe kuyo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasekorea zobungcali zisebenzisa abaguquleli abathetha iilwimi zomthonyama abaqhelene nolwimi lwasekorea nenkcubeko. Oku kuthetha ukuba banolwazi olusondeleyo lwezinto, ezintsonkothileyo, kunye nee-colloquialisms ezenza ulwimi. Eli nqanaba lobuchule liqinisekisa ukuba nasiphi na isicatshulwa esiguqulelwe ekorea sichanekile kwaye sihambelana nolindelo lwenkcubeko kunye nemigaqo.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli, kubalulekile ukukhangela umntu onerekhodi elomeleleyo lokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni zasekorea. Iinkampani ezijonge ukukhupha iimfuno zokuguqulela zasekorea kufuneka zikhethe umboneleli ngenkonzo kunye neqela labaguquleli abanamava, abaqeqeshiweyo abanokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, ezingenazimpazamo ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umboneleli ngenkonzo uqinisekisiwe yi-ISO kwaye uyayithobela imigangatho yoshishino yolawulo lomgangatho kunye nenkonzo yabathengi.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasekorea ziya zithandwa ngakumbi njengoko iinkampani zijonga ukwaphula iimarike ezintsha kunye nokwandisa ubukho bazo kwihlabathi liphela. Nokuba yeyewebhusayithi, incwadana yemveliso, okanye izinto zokuthengisa, umboneleli ngenkonzo ofanelekileyo unokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo ofuna ukunxibelelana nawo kwintengiso yakho ekujoliswe kuyo umelwe ngokuchanekileyo ngolwimi lwasekorea. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasekorea zibonelela ngokuchaneka, ukusebenza ngokukuko, kunye nenkonzo yabathengi eya kuthi incede ishishini lakho lifikelele kwisakhono sayo esipheleleyo kwimarike yehlabathi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasekorea?

Ulwimi lwasekorea luthethwa ikakhulu Emzantsi Korea Nasenyakatho Korea, nakwimimandla Yase China Nasejapan. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci kwamanye amazwe aliqela kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya Iunited States, Ikhanada, Iostreliya, Ifransi, Ibrazil Kunye Nerashiya.

Yintoni isikorean ulwimi imbali?

Ulwimi lwasekorea luyinxalenye yosapho Lweural-Altaic ulwimi. Inembali eyahlukileyo neyahlukileyo yolwimi eqala emva kweenkulungwane, iqala Nge-old Korean kwi-7th century ad. Kwinkulungwane ye-10, ngexesha le-goryeo, Kwathethwa Amakorea Akumbindi korea. Ngenkulungwane ye-15, ngexesha likajoseon, isikorea Sanamhlanje savela kwaye siyaqhubeka silulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasemzantsi Korea namhlanje. Impembelelo yenkcubeko Yamatshayina kulwimi lwasekorea ikwabonakala, njengoko uninzi lwezinto zayo ze-lexical zivela ku-hanja (abalinganiswa Basetshayina) kwaye ezininzi zibhalwa Kwi-Hangul (i-alfabhethi yasekorea). Kutshanje, ezinye iimpembelelo zivela kwisingesi, Isijapan kunye nezinye iilwimi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasekorea?

1. Usejong Omkhulu (세종대왕) - umqambi we-hangul Kunye Nomdali weencwadi zasekorea
2. Ushin Saimdang (신사임당) - Umphengululi odumileyo Kaconfucius kunye nomama ka-yi i, Esinye Sezithandi Zobulumko ezinempembelelo kujoseon Dynasty Yasekorea.
3. Yi I (이이) - Isithandi Sobulumko esidumileyo seconfucius, umphengululi kunye nembongi ngexesha Likajoseon Dynasty.
4. Unkulunkulu uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele X Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele I Izwi Lamashumi Amane Nanye Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele I Izwi Lamashumi Amathathu Nane Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele I Izwi Lamashumi Amathathu Nane Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele I Izwi Lamashumi Amathathu Nane Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele X
5. I-Sin Chaeho (신채호) - umbhali-mbali Onempembelelo kunye neelwimi eziqulunqe i-alfabhethi kunye nesigama se-classical korea. Waqulunqa inkqubo yegrama yasekorea eyasungula umgangatho wesikorea sanamhlanje.

Njani ulwimi lwasekorea?

Isikorean ulwimi agglutinative, oko kuthetha ukuba kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-affixes kwaye particles ukutshintsha engundoqo intsingiselo a root igama. Isakhiwo sesivakalisi esisisiseko sisihloko-into-isenzi, kunye nabaguquleli bahlala beqhotyoshelwe ekupheleni kwezibizo okanye izenzi. Isikorean kanjalo isebenzisa honorific ulwimi ukubonisa loluntu hierarchy, rely kakhulu kwi imithetho politeness kwaye formality xa uthetha nabanye.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasekorea ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko. Ngaphambi kokuntywila kwiinkalo ezintsonkothileyo zolwimi, kubalulekile ukufunda ezona zinto zisisiseko – njengoonobumba, ukubizwa kwamagama, kunye nemithetho esisiseko yegrama.
2. Isigama esikhulu kunye namabinzana aqhelekileyo. Nje ukuba wazi izinto ezisisiseko, qhubeka ufunda amagama kunye namabinzana aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Oku kuya kukunika umbono wendlela yokubeka izivakalisi kunye kwaye ube neengxoxo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama.
3. Mamela kwaye uziqhelanise. Ukubethelela ukubizwa kunye nokuphucula izakhono zakho zokumamela, qala ukumamela ulwimi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Bukela imiboniso YETV yasekorea kunye neemovie, sebenzisa usetyenziso lokufunda ulwimi, kwaye ufunde iincwadi okanye iimagazini ngesikorea. Okukhona uphulaphula, kokukhona uya kuqhelana nolwimi.
4. Sebenzisa izibonelelo. Ukufunda ulwimi akufuneki kwenziwe yedwa. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezininzi ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi, ezinje ngeencwadi zezifundo, izifundo zevidiyo, kunye nokurekhodwa kweaudio. Unokufumana kwakhona ukutshintshiselana ngolwimi kunye neeforamu zengxoxo ze-intanethi ezinokukunceda uhlale ukhuthazekile kwaye ufunde kwabanye abafundi.
5. Zibandakanye kwincoko. Nje ukuba uzive ukhululekile ngokwaneleyo ngolwimi kwaye ufunde ezinye zeziseko, zama ukubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama. Oku kuya kukunceda uluqonde ngcono ulwimi kwaye ufumane ukuzithemba ekuluthetheni.