Yiddishname Isivietnam Guqulela

I-Yiddish lulwimi lwakudala oluneengcambu Ngekhulu le-10 Lejamani, nangona luthethwe Kumbindi Nasempuma Yurophu ukususela kwixesha eliphakathi. Iyindibaniselwano yeelwimi ezininzi, ikakhulu isijamani, isihebhere, Isiaramiki, Kunye neslavic iilwimi. I-Yiddish ngamanye amaxesha ithathwa njengesiyelelane, kodwa ngokwenene, ulwimi olupheleleyo kunye ne-syntax yayo, i-morphology kunye nesigama. Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kuye kwancipha ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ngenxa yokufuduka, ukufana, kunye notshintsho kwiimeko zentlalo, kodwa kusathethwa Ngamayuda amaninzi Obuothodoki kwamanye amazwe namhlanje.

Nangona kungekho sikhokelo esisemthethweni se-Yiddish, abo basathetha ngayo bayazi ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ngeenjongo zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho abantu kwihlabathi liphela abazinikele ekugcineni ulwimi ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zeyiddish. Abaguquleli banceda ukuvala ukwahlula phakathi kwabo baqonda I-Yiddish kunye nabo bangenayo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zaseyiddish zinokunceda ekufumaneni amagama esihebhere aye aba yinxalenye yolwimi Lwaseyiddish, njengamagama avela Ebhayibhileni okanye amabinzana asetyenziselwa amasiko onqulo. Ngoncedo lokuguqulela, la mabinzana angcwele anokufakwa ngokufanelekileyo ekubhaleni okanye ekuthetheni Ngesiyiddish. Kulabo abangazi kakuhle ulwimi, ukukwazi ukufikelela kwiinguqulelo Ze-Yiddish kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Iinguqulelo zamaxwebhu Eyiddish ziye zasetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi ukutyhubela imbali, njengokufuduka nokufuduka, unqulo, uncwadi, iilwimi, nembali Yamayuda. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukufumana abaguquleli abafanelekileyo Baseyiddish abaqinisekisiweyo ngesihebhere nangesijamani. Ukongeza kulwimi ngokwalo, ezi ngcali kufuneka zazi inkcubeko, umongo, kunye neemeko zemibhalo eyahlukeneyo ukuze iinguqulelo zazo zithathe ngokuchanekileyo injongo yoqobo.

Iinguqulelo zeyiddish aziboleki nje kuphela uncedo olukhulu kwabo bazama ukufunda ulwimi, kodwa zikwanceda ukugcina ulwimi luphila. Ngokuncedisa ukuthutha amagama Kunye namabinzana kwezinye iilwimi, iinguqulelo zinceda ukuthintela ulwimi ukuba lungapheli ngokupheleleyo. Ngoncedo lwabaguquleli abanezakhono, I-Yiddish igcinwa iphilile kwaye iphilile ngelixa inikezela ifestile kwinkcubeko kunye nezithethe zabantu Bamayuda.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lweyiddish?

I-Yiddish ithethwa ikakhulu kwimimandla Yamayuda Eunited States, Kwasirayeli, Erashiya, Ebelarus, Eukraine, Epoland Nasehungary. Kwakhona kuthethwa ngamanani amancinane Amayuda Efransi, Eargentina, Eostreliya, Emzantsi Afrika, Ecanada nakwamanye amazwe.

Yintoni I-Yiddish language?

I-Yiddish lulwimi oluneengcambu Zalo Kwisijamani Esiphakathi Kwaye kuthethwa kwihlabathi Lonke Ngamayuda Aseashkenazi. Iye yasebenza njengolwimi oluphambili Lwamayuda Ase-Ashkenazi ukususela ekusekweni kwayo kwinkulungwane ye-9, xa uluntu lwamayuda lwachuma kwindawo ngoku ebizwa Ngokuba Yijamani kunye nomntla Wefransi. Ngumxube weelwimi ezininzi kubandakanya isihebhere Nesiaramiki, Kunye Neslavic,Uthando Kunye Neelwimi Eziphakathi zasejamani.
I-Yiddish yaqala ukuthandwa phakathi Kwamayuda Aseyurophu malunga nekhulu le-12, xa yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengolwimi oluthethwayo kunokuba lubhalwe ngokuqhelekileyo. Oku kwakubangelwa yindawo Yamayuda, ayesoloko ehlukaniswa ngokwendawo kwaye ngaloo ndlela aphuhlise iziyelelane ezihlukeneyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-15 neye-16, Iyiddish yasasazeka Kulo Lonke Elaseyurophu, isiba lulwimi lwamayuda Aseyurophu.
I-Yiddish iye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi zasekuhlaleni Apho Amayuda ayehlala khona, ukwenzela ukuba iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphuhliswa Eyurophu, Eafrika Nasemerika. Phezu kwako nje ukwahluka kwangaphakathi, iilwimi zaseyiddish zabelana ngegrama, isivakalisi nesigama esiqhelekileyo, ezinye iziyelelane ziphenjelelwa ngamandla sisihebhere nezinye ngeelwimi ezisandul ' ukudibana.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uncwadi Lwesiyiddish lwachuma yaye kwapapashwa iincwadi namaphephancwadi amaninzi ngolwimi. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwe-anti-Semitism, ukufuduswa kwamayuda amaninzi emva Kwemfazwe YEHLABATHI II, kunye nokwamkelwa kwesingesi njengolwimi oluphambili Eunited States kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni Kweyiddish njengolwimi oluthethwayo. Namhlanje, kusekho izigidi zabantu abathetha Iyiddish ehlabathini lonke, ubukhulu becala Emntla Merika Nakwasirayeli, nangona olu lwimi lungasasetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengangaphambili.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lweyiddish?

1. U-Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922): Uben-Yehuda ubizwa ngokuvuselela ulwimi lwesihebhere, awenzayo ngokufaka amagama Amaninzi Aseyiddish kwisihebhere. Kwakhona waba ngowokuqala ukuqulunqa isichazi-magama esibanzi sesihebhere sale mihla waza wabhala amanqaku neencwadi ngolwimi.
2. Usholem Aleichem (1859-1916): U-Aleichem wayengumlobi odumileyo Waseyiddish owabhala ngobomi Bamayuda empuma Yurophu. Imisebenzi yakhe, kuquka Utevye I-Dairyman, yanceda ukwandisa nokusabalalisa I-Yiddish kwihlabathi lonke.
3. Ibanga le-Chaim (1910-1982): Ibanga lalingumlobi Owaziwayo We-Yiddish kunye nembongi. Imisebenzi yakhe, echaza imizabalazo yobomi Bamayuda, ithathwa njengenye yezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo ngolwimi Lweyiddish.
4. Umax Weinreich (1894-1969): ingcali yeelwimi, unjingalwazi kunye nomsunguli kunye nomlawuli WEYIVO Institute For Jewish Research Evilnius, Elithuania, Weinreich wanikezela umsebenzi wakhe wobomi kwisifundo kunye nokukhuthaza Iyiddish.
5. Itzik Manger (1900-1969): Manger wayeyimbongi Yiddish kwaye omnye wababhali abakhulu bekhulu lama-20. Wayenempembelelo enkulu ekuvuseleleni nasekuphuculeni ulwimi.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwe-Yiddish?

Inkqubo Ye-Yiddish iphantse yafana neyesijamani. Inamagama, amabinzana, kunye nezivakalisi ezakhiwe ngokulandelelana kwesihloko-isenzi-into. I-Yiddish ithambekele ekubeni imfutshane kunesijamani, isebenzisa amanqaku ambalwa, izindululo, kunye nezihlanganisi ezingaphantsi. I-Yiddish ayinayo inkqubo efanayo yokudibanisa izenzi njengesijamani, kwaye ezinye izenzi zihluke kulabo basejamani. I-Yiddish inamasuntswana ongezelelweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingafumanekiyo ngesijamani.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lweyiddish ngendlela echanekileyo?

Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda I-Yiddish kukuntywila kulwimi. Oku kuthetha ukumamela iincoko Zeyiddish, ukufunda iincwadi Zeyiddish kunye namaphephandaba, kunye nokubukela iimovie Zeyiddish kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude. Unokuthatha iklasi Ye-Yiddish kwiziko loluntu lendawo, iyunivesithi okanye kwi-intanethi. Qiniseka ukuba uyaziqhelanisa nokuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama ukukunceda ukuba uqhele ukubiza kunye negrama. Okokugqibela, gcina i-Yiddish-English dictionary kunye neetafile zesenzi zikulungele ukukunceda ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba unayo.

Isivietnamese lulwimi olwahlukileyo olunoonobumba, iziyelelane kunye nemithetho yegrama eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona lwimi zinzima ukuziguqulela. Ngenxa yoko, abo bafuna iinguqulelo ezichanileyo kufuneka baqeshe umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo Wasevietnam oqonda izinto zolwimi nenkcubeko.

Evietnam, ulwimi lwesizwe lubizwa ngokuba yi-tiết, eguqulela "ulwimi Lwasevietnam.""Olu lwimi luneelwimi zalo ezibanzi nezivakalayo ezahluka-region ukusuka kwingingqi ukuya kwingingqi yaye ngokufuthi zenza kube nzima ukuba izithethi ezingezizo ezomthonyama ziqonde. Isivietnam inoonobumba baso, esibizwa Ngokuba Yichữ Qcc Ng, okanye " Iskripthi Se-Qcc Ng," esaphuhliswa ngabavangeli basemazweni ngenkulungwane ye-17 ukukhuphela ulwimi kubalinganiswa besilatini.

Igrama yasevietnam, njengoninzi lweelwimi, ilandela imigaqo ethile kunye nokwakha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzi yinto ebalulekileyo yegrama Yasevietnam, kwaye iimeko kunye neemeko zibonisa imeko yangoku okanye yexesha elizayo lesenzi. Ukongeza, izibizo kunye nezichazi Ngesivietnam zinezini ezithile kwaye zinokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo wesivakalisi. Izibizo zinokuthatha iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke ekubekeni kwazo ngaphakathi kwesivakalisi.

Isivietnam inamagama amaninzi, amagama kunye namabinzana ekunzima ukuwaguqulela ngaphandle kokuqonda okunzulu kolwimi nenkcubeko. Umzekelo, ibinzana elithi húnh phúc linokuguqulela ku "ulonwabo" ngesingesi, kodwa ngaphezulu koko-kubandakanya umbono wokufumana uxolo lwangaphakathi, ukulingana, uvuyo kunye nolwaneliseko. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka baqonde lo mahluko ufihlakeleyo ukuze badlulise umyalezo ngokuchanekileyo ngolwimi ekujoliswe kulo.

Uguqulelo Oluchanekileyo Lwesivietnam lubalulekile kwishishini, kwezomthetho kunye namanye amaxwebhu. Ukuqesha ingcali eqeqeshiweyo umguquleli Wasevietnam uqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimpawu zolwimi zithathwa kwaye zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo ngolwimi olujoliswe kulo. Ngoncedo lomguquleli onamava Wasevietnam, nasiphi na isicatshulwa sinokutolikwa ngokuchanekileyo, sivumela abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokupheleleyo umyalezo ojoliswe kuwo kunye nentsingiselo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Isivietnam?

Isivietnam lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasevietnam kwaye ikwathethwa E-Australia, Ecambodia, Ecanada, Efrance, Ejamani, Elaos, Ephilippines, Etaiwan, Eunited states nakwezinye iindawo Zasetshayina.

Yintoni Isivietnamese ulwimi?

Ulwimi Lwasevietnam lulilungu losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Austroasia, olubandakanya iilwimi ezithethwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo Ekumazantsi Mpuma Easia. Kukholelwa ukuba ulwimi lwaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-9, kodwa Isivietnam samanje sivela kwifom yolwimi oluthethwa Enyakatho Yevietnam phakathi kwekhulu le-17.
Isivietnam lulwimi lweetoni, okuthetha ukuba isebenzisa iithoni (amanqanaba e-pitch) ukwahlula amagama kunye nentsingiselo ngaphakathi kwamagama. Ikwayilwimi lwe-monosyllabic, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama amaninzi enziwe ngesilabhasi enye. Isivietnamese ibhaliwe isebenzisa i-alfabhethi yesilatini eguqulweyo, inguqu yeskripthi sesitshayina esaziwa ngokuba yi-chu nom, kunye nohlobo Lwe-japanese kanji eyaziwa ngokuba yi-chữ nôm.
Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasevietnam, Isivietnam Luye lwaphenjelelwa Kakhulu Ngamatshayina ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Kwakhona kuye kwakho iimpembelelo ezinamandla ezivela kwisifrentshi, isiphuthukezi nesingesi. Namhlanje, kukho iindlela ezintathu ezibhaliweyo ezibhaliweyo Zasevietnam: ukubhala ngokusemthethweni, ukubhala nokubhala ngokubhaliweyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasevietnam?

1. Ngo-1766-1820): Imbongi yasevietnam, eyaziwa kakhulu ngombongo wakhe we-epic, Ibali Lika-Kiuu.
2. U-Phan Bâi Châ (1867 - 1940): inkokeli Yesizwe kunye nomlando-mlando, owaziwa ngokuseka Isivietnam yanamhlanje njengolwimi olubhaliweyo.
3. I – Chí Minh (1890-1969): Ikhokelele Ivietnam kwinkululeko ngo-1945 kwaye lelona nani lidumileyo nelinempembelelo kwimbali yelizwe.
4. Tranny Ukim (1872-1928): Umphengululi Ophawuliweyo kunye norhulumente, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo kwimbali nenkcubeko Yasevietnam.
5. Phạm Quang Sáng (1926-2011): Imbongi, umgxeki woncwadi kunye neelwimi eyaziwa kakhulu ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu kuphuhliso lolwimi Lwasevietnam.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwasevietnam?

Ulwimi Lwasevietnam lulwimi lweetoni, oko kuthetha ukuba isilwimi esifanayo sinokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni yelizwi apho libizwa khona. Kwakhona lulwimi lokuhlalutya, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama akhiwa ngamacandelo amancinci (ngokukodwa, amasuntswana egrama kunye nezilungisi zamagama). Ulwimi Lwasevietnam lubhalwa kusetyenziswa ialfabhethi esekwe kwisilatini, kunye namanqaku ongezelelweyo okubonisa iitoni. Ngenxa Yokuba isivietnam iye yaphenjelelwa ngamandla yinkcubeko Yamatshayina, ulwimi oluthethwayo lukwaqulathe amagama amaninzi emali-mboleko avela Kwisitshayina.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasevietnam ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha iklasi Yolwimi Lwasevietnam. Ukufunda naluphi na ulwimi kwenziwa ngcono ngutitshala kwigumbi lokufundela. Khangela iklasi efanelekileyo elungiselelwe inqanaba lakho lokukwazi kwaye inootitshala bomthonyama.
2. Ziqhelise ukuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama. Seek izithethi zomthonyama okanye amaqabane otshintshiselwano ngeelwimi ukuze uqhelisele ukubiza kwakho kwaye wandise isigama sakho.
3. Sebenzisa izibonelelo. Thatha ithuba leencwadi, izifundo zomsindo, iikhosi ezikwi-intanethi, kunye nezinye izinto zokufunda ezinokukunceda uluqonde ngcono ulwimi.
4. Mamela kwaye ufunde rhoqo. Zama ukumamela isikhululo sikanomathotholo Sasevietnam okanye ubukele iimuvi Ngesivietnam rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba usebenzise isandi ulwimi. Ukongeza, ukufunda amaphephandaba Asevietnam okanye uncwadi kuya kwandisa ukuqonda kwakho igrama kunye nesigama.
5. Ukukhumbula amabinzana aqhelekileyo. Ukukhumbula amabinzana aqhelekileyo Ngesivietnam kuya kukunceda uqonde iziseko zolwimi ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenze kube lula ukwakha incoko.
6. Hlala ungaguquguquki. Ukufunda ulwimi kuthatha ixesha kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Musa ukulindela ukuba ube fluent ubusuku bonke; endaweni yoko, zama ukuchitha imizuzu embalwa suku ngalunye ufunda kwaye uzilolonga.