Yiddishname Luxembourgname Guqulela

I-Yiddish lulwimi lwakudala oluneengcambu Ngekhulu le-10 Lejamani, nangona luthethwe Kumbindi Nasempuma Yurophu ukususela kwixesha eliphakathi. Iyindibaniselwano yeelwimi ezininzi, ikakhulu isijamani, isihebhere, Isiaramiki, Kunye neslavic iilwimi. I-Yiddish ngamanye amaxesha ithathwa njengesiyelelane, kodwa ngokwenene, ulwimi olupheleleyo kunye ne-syntax yayo, i-morphology kunye nesigama. Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kuye kwancipha ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ngenxa yokufuduka, ukufana, kunye notshintsho kwiimeko zentlalo, kodwa kusathethwa Ngamayuda amaninzi Obuothodoki kwamanye amazwe namhlanje.

Nangona kungekho sikhokelo esisemthethweni se-Yiddish, abo basathetha ngayo bayazi ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ngeenjongo zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho abantu kwihlabathi liphela abazinikele ekugcineni ulwimi ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zeyiddish. Abaguquleli banceda ukuvala ukwahlula phakathi kwabo baqonda I-Yiddish kunye nabo bangenayo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zaseyiddish zinokunceda ekufumaneni amagama esihebhere aye aba yinxalenye yolwimi Lwaseyiddish, njengamagama avela Ebhayibhileni okanye amabinzana asetyenziselwa amasiko onqulo. Ngoncedo lokuguqulela, la mabinzana angcwele anokufakwa ngokufanelekileyo ekubhaleni okanye ekuthetheni Ngesiyiddish. Kulabo abangazi kakuhle ulwimi, ukukwazi ukufikelela kwiinguqulelo Ze-Yiddish kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Iinguqulelo zamaxwebhu Eyiddish ziye zasetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi ukutyhubela imbali, njengokufuduka nokufuduka, unqulo, uncwadi, iilwimi, nembali Yamayuda. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukufumana abaguquleli abafanelekileyo Baseyiddish abaqinisekisiweyo ngesihebhere nangesijamani. Ukongeza kulwimi ngokwalo, ezi ngcali kufuneka zazi inkcubeko, umongo, kunye neemeko zemibhalo eyahlukeneyo ukuze iinguqulelo zazo zithathe ngokuchanekileyo injongo yoqobo.

Iinguqulelo zeyiddish aziboleki nje kuphela uncedo olukhulu kwabo bazama ukufunda ulwimi, kodwa zikwanceda ukugcina ulwimi luphila. Ngokuncedisa ukuthutha amagama Kunye namabinzana kwezinye iilwimi, iinguqulelo zinceda ukuthintela ulwimi ukuba lungapheli ngokupheleleyo. Ngoncedo lwabaguquleli abanezakhono, I-Yiddish igcinwa iphilile kwaye iphilile ngelixa inikezela ifestile kwinkcubeko kunye nezithethe zabantu Bamayuda.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lweyiddish?

I-Yiddish ithethwa ikakhulu kwimimandla Yamayuda Eunited States, Kwasirayeli, Erashiya, Ebelarus, Eukraine, Epoland Nasehungary. Kwakhona kuthethwa ngamanani amancinane Amayuda Efransi, Eargentina, Eostreliya, Emzantsi Afrika, Ecanada nakwamanye amazwe.

Yintoni I-Yiddish language?

I-Yiddish lulwimi oluneengcambu Zalo Kwisijamani Esiphakathi Kwaye kuthethwa kwihlabathi Lonke Ngamayuda Aseashkenazi. Iye yasebenza njengolwimi oluphambili Lwamayuda Ase-Ashkenazi ukususela ekusekweni kwayo kwinkulungwane ye-9, xa uluntu lwamayuda lwachuma kwindawo ngoku ebizwa Ngokuba Yijamani kunye nomntla Wefransi. Ngumxube weelwimi ezininzi kubandakanya isihebhere Nesiaramiki, Kunye Neslavic,Uthando Kunye Neelwimi Eziphakathi zasejamani.
I-Yiddish yaqala ukuthandwa phakathi Kwamayuda Aseyurophu malunga nekhulu le-12, xa yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengolwimi oluthethwayo kunokuba lubhalwe ngokuqhelekileyo. Oku kwakubangelwa yindawo Yamayuda, ayesoloko ehlukaniswa ngokwendawo kwaye ngaloo ndlela aphuhlise iziyelelane ezihlukeneyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-15 neye-16, Iyiddish yasasazeka Kulo Lonke Elaseyurophu, isiba lulwimi lwamayuda Aseyurophu.
I-Yiddish iye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi zasekuhlaleni Apho Amayuda ayehlala khona, ukwenzela ukuba iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphuhliswa Eyurophu, Eafrika Nasemerika. Phezu kwako nje ukwahluka kwangaphakathi, iilwimi zaseyiddish zabelana ngegrama, isivakalisi nesigama esiqhelekileyo, ezinye iziyelelane ziphenjelelwa ngamandla sisihebhere nezinye ngeelwimi ezisandul ' ukudibana.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uncwadi Lwesiyiddish lwachuma yaye kwapapashwa iincwadi namaphephancwadi amaninzi ngolwimi. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwe-anti-Semitism, ukufuduswa kwamayuda amaninzi emva Kwemfazwe YEHLABATHI II, kunye nokwamkelwa kwesingesi njengolwimi oluphambili Eunited States kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni Kweyiddish njengolwimi oluthethwayo. Namhlanje, kusekho izigidi zabantu abathetha Iyiddish ehlabathini lonke, ubukhulu becala Emntla Merika Nakwasirayeli, nangona olu lwimi lungasasetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengangaphambili.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lweyiddish?

1. U-Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922): Uben-Yehuda ubizwa ngokuvuselela ulwimi lwesihebhere, awenzayo ngokufaka amagama Amaninzi Aseyiddish kwisihebhere. Kwakhona waba ngowokuqala ukuqulunqa isichazi-magama esibanzi sesihebhere sale mihla waza wabhala amanqaku neencwadi ngolwimi.
2. Usholem Aleichem (1859-1916): U-Aleichem wayengumlobi odumileyo Waseyiddish owabhala ngobomi Bamayuda empuma Yurophu. Imisebenzi yakhe, kuquka Utevye I-Dairyman, yanceda ukwandisa nokusabalalisa I-Yiddish kwihlabathi lonke.
3. Ibanga le-Chaim (1910-1982): Ibanga lalingumlobi Owaziwayo We-Yiddish kunye nembongi. Imisebenzi yakhe, echaza imizabalazo yobomi Bamayuda, ithathwa njengenye yezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo ngolwimi Lweyiddish.
4. Umax Weinreich (1894-1969): ingcali yeelwimi, unjingalwazi kunye nomsunguli kunye nomlawuli WEYIVO Institute For Jewish Research Evilnius, Elithuania, Weinreich wanikezela umsebenzi wakhe wobomi kwisifundo kunye nokukhuthaza Iyiddish.
5. Itzik Manger (1900-1969): Manger wayeyimbongi Yiddish kwaye omnye wababhali abakhulu bekhulu lama-20. Wayenempembelelo enkulu ekuvuseleleni nasekuphuculeni ulwimi.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwe-Yiddish?

Inkqubo Ye-Yiddish iphantse yafana neyesijamani. Inamagama, amabinzana, kunye nezivakalisi ezakhiwe ngokulandelelana kwesihloko-isenzi-into. I-Yiddish ithambekele ekubeni imfutshane kunesijamani, isebenzisa amanqaku ambalwa, izindululo, kunye nezihlanganisi ezingaphantsi. I-Yiddish ayinayo inkqubo efanayo yokudibanisa izenzi njengesijamani, kwaye ezinye izenzi zihluke kulabo basejamani. I-Yiddish inamasuntswana ongezelelweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingafumanekiyo ngesijamani.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lweyiddish ngendlela echanekileyo?

Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda I-Yiddish kukuntywila kulwimi. Oku kuthetha ukumamela iincoko Zeyiddish, ukufunda iincwadi Zeyiddish kunye namaphephandaba, kunye nokubukela iimovie Zeyiddish kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude. Unokuthatha iklasi Ye-Yiddish kwiziko loluntu lendawo, iyunivesithi okanye kwi-intanethi. Qiniseka ukuba uyaziqhelanisa nokuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama ukukunceda ukuba uqhele ukubiza kunye negrama. Okokugqibela, gcina i-Yiddish-English dictionary kunye neetafile zesenzi zikulungele ukukunceda ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba unayo.

Iluxembourg lulwimi Lwasejamani oluthethwa Kwigrand-Duchy Yaseluxembourg, ephakathi Kwefransi, Ijamani Nebelgium. Ngaphezulu kwe-400,000 yezithethi zomthonyama, Iluxembourg lulwimi lwengingqi olufumana ingqalelo ngakumbi njengolwimi lweshishini kunye nemicimbi yamanye amazwe.

Njengoko Luxembourg iyaqhubeka ukuvula imida yayo kubaphambukeli, uguqulelo Luxembourg iye kubalulekile kwabo banqwenela ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo inkcubeko ezahlukeneyo nelifa lesizwe. Kumashishini, ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo nabemi bendawo kuyimfuneko. Ngokufanayo, abafundi Baseluxembourg banokuzuza kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ukuze baqonde ngcono ubunzima bolwimi.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuguqulelwa Kweluxembourg? Njengalo naluphi na olunye ulwimi, ukuguqulela kubandakanya ukuthatha isicatshulwa kulwimi olunye kwaye usiguqulele kolunye ulwimi, ngelixa ugcina intsingiselo yalo. Ukuguqulela Phakathi Kweluxembourg Kunye nolunye ulwimi akufani. Noko ke, owona mceli-mngeni uphambili kubemi Baseluxembourg sisimo sabo esisodwa ngokwembali. Oku kuye kwaphumela ekuphuhlisweni kwesigama esikhethekileyo, imigaqo yegrama kunye neendibano zolwimi ezingasoloko ziguqulelwa kwezinye iilwimi.

Ngoko ke, xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni, ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoko iimpazamo zinokukhokelela ngokulula kukungaqondani, unxibelelwano olungalunganga okanye ukonakalisa ubudlelwane, ukusebenza nomguquleli oqeqeshiweyo onolwazi Kakuhle Eluxembourgish ngundoqo.

Abaguquleli Baseluxembourg banamava amaninzi kwiimeko zenkcubeko nezomthetho. Oku kubandakanya ulwazi malunga neenuances Zaseluxembourg kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqabane oshishino, abathengi okanye abasebenzi. Ukuchaneka, baya kusebenzisa izixhobo zokuguqulela ezisexesheni kunye nesoftware ekhoyo.

Kuba nabani na okhangela umguquleli Onokuthenjwa Waseluxembourg, kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olunzulu kwangaphambili. Jonga umguquleli oqinisekisiweyo kulwimi, onamava okwenyani ebaleni, kwaye uqhelene notshintsho lwamva nje kulwimi.

Ukuqukumbela, inguqulelo Yaseluxembourg yinkonzo exabisekileyo yabantu abahlala nabasebenza Eluxembourg, kunye nabo banomdla kwinkcubeko nakwimbali yeli lizwe. Ngokuqesha iingcali ezinezakhono kunye nobuchule obufunekayo ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu phakathi Kweluxembourg kunye nezinye iilwimi, amashishini kunye nabantu banokuthembela kwiziphumo ezisemgangathweni.

Ngawaphi amazwe ekuthethwa Kuwo Ulwimi Lwaseluxembourg?

Luxembourg kuthethwa Ikakhulu Luxembourg, kwaye kwinqanaba ngaphantsi, kwiindawo Belgium, Fransi, Yaye Jemani.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Baseluxembourg?

Imbali yolwimi Lwaseluxembourg isusela emva Kumaxesha Aphakathi. Ulwimi lwaqala ukusetyenziswa Ngamacelts Aseromania, ahlala Eluxembourg ngekhulu lesi-3. Kwiinkulungwane ezilandelayo, Iluxembourg yayiphenjelelwa ngamandla ziilwimi Zasejamani ezingabamelwane, ngokukodwa Isifranconia Esisezantsi, esiyinxalenye yesebe Leelwimi Zasentshona Jamani.
Ngekhulu le-19, Iluxembourg yavela njengolwimi olwahlukileyo kunye nefom yayo ebhaliweyo. Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula kwaye luguquka njengoko luye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiincwadi, ukushicilela kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye noluntu.
Namhlanje, Iluxembourg lulwimi olusemthethweni kwilizwe Laseluxembourg kwaye ikwathethwa kwiindawo Zasebelgium, Efrance Nasejamani. Ikwafundiswa kwezinye iiyunivesithi, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana Kwi-European Union.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseluxembourg?

1. Ujean - Pierre Feuillet (1893-1943): ingcali yeelwimi yesifrentshi kunye nonjingalwazi owayenoxanduva lokupapashwa kwezichazi-magama zokuqala kunye negrama yaseluxembourgish ngo-1923.
2. U-Emile Weber (1898-1968): umbhali Waseluxembourg kunye nembongi eyabhala iincwadi ezininzi kunye namaphecana ukunceda ukukhuthaza nokusasaza ulwimi Lwaseluxembourg.
3. Ualbert Mergen( 1903-1995): Ingcali Yeelwimi kunye nonjingalwazi obizwa ngokuba wadala i-Orthography yanamhlanje Yaseluxembourg.
4. Unicholas Biever (1912-1998): Umshicileli kunye nomsunguli wejenali "Ulëtzebuerger Srooch" ekhuthaze kwaye yakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa Kweluxembourg.
5. Urobert Krieps (1915-2009): Ingcali Yeelwimi kunye nonjingalwazi osebenze ukudala ifom esemgangathweni yolwimi Lwaseluxembourg kunye nokuphucula ukufundiswa kolwimi ezikolweni.

Njani Ulwimi Luxembourg?

Iluxembourg lulwimi Lwasejamani olunxulumene nesijamani nesidatshi. Ngumxube Weelwimi Eziphezulu zasejamani Kunye Ne-West Central German, ezidibanisa izinto ezivela kuzo zombini. Ulwimi luneelwimi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: Imoselle Franconian (ethethwa kumantla mpuma Eluxembourg), Ephezulu-Eluxembourg (ethethwa kwimimandla ekumbindi nasentshona yelizwe), Kunye Neluxembourg (ethethwa ikakhulu emazantsi). Amagama aqhelekileyo aqhelekileyo kunye aqhelekanga eneenfayile zu. I-grammatic, ifana nejamani, kunye nokufana okuninzi kwisini sayo, umyalelo wegama, kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwaseluxembourg ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi elungileyo okanye ikhosi yokufunda ulwimi. Zininzi izinto ezifumanekayo Eluxembourg, kubandakanya izifundo ezahlukeneyo ezikwi-intanethi kunye neeapps. Oku kunokuba yindlela elungileyo yokufumana izifundo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuqonda kwakho ulwimi.
2. Fumana isithethi somthonyama. Nxibelelana nesithethi somthonyama Saseluxembourg ngobuqu okanye kwi-intanethi. Oku kunokukunceda ufunde ngokukhawuleza, njengoko uza kuva ulwimi oluthethwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uzuze kulwazi lwabo lwangaphakathi lwenkcubeko.
3. Fumana Uluhlu lwamagama Egama Luxembourg. Zama ukubukela imiboniso kamabonwakude, mamela iinkqubo zikanomathotholo, okanye ufunde amaphephandaba Aseluxembourg. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqhelane nokubiza kunye nesigama, ngelixa kuya kukunceda uqonde ngcono inkcubeko yelizwe.
4. Ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa, ukuziqhelanisa. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi yindlela ehambelanayo. Qiniseka ukuba uqhelisela izakhono zakho zokuthetha, zokufunda kunye nokumamela rhoqo. Sebenzisa iiflashcards, iincwadi zokusebenzela, okanye ezinye izixhobo ukukunceda uphonononge umbandela osele uwufundile, kunye nokwazisa amagama amatsha.