Maoriname Isiczech Guqulela

I-Marathi lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Aryan oluthethwa ngabantu Basemarathi, ikakhulu kwilizwe Lasemaharashtra Eindiya. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasemaharashtra, kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezingama-22 ezicwangcisiweyo Zaseindiya. Ngenxa yoko, ifuna uguqulelo oluchanileyo kwabo bangaphandle abathetha Imarathi ukuze baqonde imeko yayo ekhethekileyo.

Ngenxa yegrama nesigama sayo esintsonkothileyo, ukuguqulela imibhalo Yesimarathi kunokuba lucelomngeni. Kodwa ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo, uguqulelo Lwemarathi lunokuba lula.

Inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na inguqulelo kukufumana iingcali ezifanelekileyo ezinamava ekusebenzeni Nemarathi. Iinkampani zokuguqulela zihlala zinabaguquleli abathetha iilwimi zomthonyama abanokuchaza ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yesicatshulwa ngelixa beqwalasela imiba yenkcubeko efana nolwimi kunye ne-colloquialisms. Oku kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho wesiphumo sokugqibela.

Xa kuziwa kuguqulelo lokwenyani, kukho iindlela ezininzi kunye neendlela ezinokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, uguqulelo lomatshini luyanda ngokuthandwa, njengoko lusebenzisa ii-algorithms ukuvelisa iinguqulelo ezisisiseko ngokukhawuleza nangeendleko. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela inokuvelisa iziphumo ezingachanekanga ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kunye nokubonakala Kwemarathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuguqulelwa komntu kuthathwa njengokwethenjelwa ngakumbi kuba kuvelisa iinguqulelo eziphezulu. Abaguquleli kufuneka baqhelane nomthombo kunye neelwimi ezijoliswe kuzo kwaye bakwazi ukukhetha amagama afanelekileyo ekudluliseni intsingiselo yombhalo wokuqala. Kusenokufuneka benze utshintsho kulwakhiwo lwesivakalisi ukuze bafanelekele iindibano zolwimi ekujoliswe kuzo.

Enye indlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-transcreation, ehamba ngaphaya kokuguqulela intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. Ukukhutshelwa kubandakanya ukubhala kwakhona isicatshulwa ngolwimi ekujoliswe kulo ukuhambisa umyalezo ofanayo ngethoni efanayo kunye nesitayile, ngelixa kuthathelwa ingqalelo umahluko wenkcubeko phakathi komthombo kunye neelwimi ekujoliswe kuzo.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwenguqulelo yokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba uphonononge imveliso kunye nesithethi Semarathi somthonyama. Oku kuvumela naziphi na iimpazamo ukuba zibanjwe phambi kokuba uxwebhu lupapashwe.

Ukuguqulelwa kwe-Marathi kunokubonakala kunzima ekuqaleni, kodwa ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo, zinokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zisebenze. Ngeengcali ezinamava, unokuqinisekisa ukuba unika abafundi bakho iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo nezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwesimarathi?

Isimarathi sithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya, apho lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe Lasemaharashtra, kunye Negoa, Dadra Nenagar Haveli, Daman Kunye Nedu, Karnataka, Telangana, Gujarat Nasechhattisgarh. Inenani elikhulu lezithethi kumazwe angabamelwane Basemadhya Pradesh, E-Andhra Pradesh nasekerala, nakwiindawo Zasekarnataka, Etamil Nadu Nase-Abu Dhabi. I-Marathi ikwathethwa yi-Marathi diaspora kwihlabathi liphela, ngakumbi e - United States, Canada, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Qatar Kunye Ne-Oman.

Yiyiphi Imbali Ye-Marathi language?

Ulwimi Lwesimarathi lunembali ende, etyebileyo. Yavela kwilizwe lasentshona-Ntshona Laseindiya Imaharashtra ngenkulungwane ye-10 AD kwaye yenye yeelwimi Zokuqala ezingqiniweyo Zaseprakrit. Imibhalo Yokuqala Eyabhalwa Emarathi yaqala ngenkulungwane ye-9 AD. Ngenkulungwane ye-13, Isimarathi sasilolona lwimi lubalaseleyo kulo mmandla.
Ngexesha lolawulo Lobukhosi Basemaratha ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-17 ukuya kweye-19, Imarathi yayilulwimi olusemthethweni lolawulo. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali, Umarathi waqala ukufumana udumo kunye nokuthandwa phakathi koluntu olufundileyo, ukuba lulwimi loncwadi, imibongo kunye nentatheli. Emva koko isasazeka ngaphaya Kwemaharashtra kulo Lonke Elaseindiya, kunye nezithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-70 namhlanje. I-Marathi okwangoku ithathwa Njengolwimi Olusemthethweni Ngurhulumente Waseindiya.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesimarathi?

1. Mahatma Jyotirao Phule 2. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 3. Balshastri Jambhekar 4. Vishnushastri Chiplunkar 5. Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele I

Njani ulwimi Lwemarathi?

Isimarathi lilungu losapho lweelwimi Zase-Indo-Aryan, olunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nezinye iilwimi ezinje Ngesihindi, Isigujarati, Kunye Nesisanskrit. Ibhalwe kwiskripthi Sedevanagari kwaye inenkqubo entsonkothileyo ye-morphology kunye ne-syntax efanayo nezinye iilwimi Zaseindiya. I-Marathi ilandela Umyalelo we-Subject-Object-Verb (Sov) kwaye isebenzisa izikhundla zokuma kunokuba i-prepositions. Ulwimi lukwanamaxesha amaninzi ezenzi, iimvakalelo, kunye namazwi, anomahluko osebenzayo/ongenasiphelo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwemarathi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha izifundo Zemarathi. Izikolo ezininzi zolwimi zibonelela ngeeklasi Zemarathi, okanye unokufumana umhlohli okwi-intanethi onokukunceda uziqhelanise nezakhono zakho.
2. Ndwendwela ilizwe elithetha Imarathi. Ukuba unezixhobo, qiniseka ukuba undwendwela ilizwe apho Kuthethwa Khona Isimarathi ukuze ufumane ukuchanabeka ngokuthe ngqo kulwimi nakwizithethi zalo zomthonyama.
3. Mamela unomathotholo Wemarathi kwaye ubukele Umabonwakude Wemarathi. Oku kuya kukuveza kwizivakalisi ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuthetha ukuze ufunde ulwimi ngokwendalo.
4. Funda Iincwadi Zemarathi. Zininzi iincwadi ezikhoyo Ngesimarathi, onokuzisebenzisa ukwandisa isigama sakho kwaye uqhelane negrama kunye nesivakalisi solwimi.
5. Yenza abahlobo Basemarathi. Enye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda naluphi na ulwimi kukwenza abahlobo abatsha abathetha olo lwimi. Nxibelelana nabantu abathetha Imarathi, kwi-intanethi nakubantu, ukuziqhelanisa nokuphuhlisa izakhono zakho.

Czech yenye yeelwimi ezininzi umdla ehlabathini. Ithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Ukusebenzisa inguqulelo yesiczech kunokuba yindlela entle yokuqinisekisa ukuba ishishini lakho, iwebhusayithi, okanye unxibelelwano lwendawo efanelekileyo ukufikelela kule ntengiso ibalulekileyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo ngenkonzo yokuguqulela yaseczech, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunzima bokuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka eczech. Isiczech lulwimi Lwesislavic, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inesakhiwo sayo esikhethekileyo segrama, oonobumba abohlukeneyo, neziyelelane eziliqela. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaguquleli kufuneka babe nobuchule kulwimi lwesiczech nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo ukuze baguqulele ngempumelelo.

Ukuba ufuna inkonzo ethembekileyo yeenguqulelo, kufuneka ukhangele inkampani enamava kunye nobuchule kulwimi lwesiczech. Kufuneka bakwazi ukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo nezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko. Umguquleli olungileyo uya kuba nolwazi olunzulu lwenkcubeko yendawo ukuze bakwazi ukufumana umxholo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba kufanelekile ngokwenkcubeko.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuguqulela isiczech. Abaguquleli kufuneka bakwazi ukufumana umyalezo ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle kokulalanisa ithoni okanye injongo yombhalo wokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo lukhangelwe ngokuchanekileyo sisithethi somthonyama saseczech ngaphambi kokuba sipapashwe.

Ekugqibeleni, inkonzo elungileyo yokuguqulela yaseczech iya kubonelela ngamaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha lihlala liyinto ebalulekileyo xa kuziwa ekuhlaleni, ke kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba inkonzo oyikhethayo inokuhambisa kwimihla ebekiweyo ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho.

Xa kuziwa kwinguqulelo yesiczech, kubalulekile ukufumana inkonzo yobungcali eqonda izinto zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngenkonzo yokuguqulela efanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wakho wendawo ngokuchanekileyo, unxibelelene ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye wamkelwe kakuhle ngabantu abathetha isiczech.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech ikakhulu luthethwa Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Kukho nabantu abathetha isiczech Eostriya, Ejamani, Ehungary, Epoland, Eslovakia Naseukraine. Ikwathethwa ngamanani amancinci abantu kwamanye amazwe, Afana Neostreliya, Ikhanada, Icroatia, Ifransi, I-Itali, Iromania, Iserbia, Neunited states.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi Olusentshona Slavonic, inxalenye yentsapho Yeelwimi Zaseyurophu. Oku kuhambelana kakhulu neslovak kwaye ulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Ulwimi luye lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu ngesilatini, isijamani nesipolish ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.
Ubungqina bokuqala bolwimi buqala emva kwinkulungwane ye-10, xa yaqala ukubhalwa kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiczech Republic. Ngelo xesha, ulwimi Lwalubizwa Ngokuba Yi-Bohemian kwaye lwaluthethwa kakhulu kummandla Wasebohemian. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-11 neye-12, yavela Kwicawa Yakudala Islavonic, nangona yayisagcina ezinye iinkalo zolwimi lwantlandlolo.
Ngekhulu le-14, ulwimi lwesiczech lwaqala ukusetyenziswa kwifom ebhaliweyo kwaye inguqu yokuqala yolwimi, eyaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Middle Czech, yavela. Ngeli xesha, ulwimi lwenziwa utshintsho oluninzi ngenxa yempembelelo yesilatini, isijamani nesipolish kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe lwaphuhliswa lwaba yiczech Yanamhlanje.
Ngowe-1882, Ingcali yeelwimi Yesiczech Čeněk Zíbrt yapapasha igrama yakhe yesiczech, eyayisebenza njengesiseko sokumiselwa kwemigangatho yolwimi. Olu lwimi lwadityaniswa kamva phantsi Komthetho Wamaothography wesiczech ka-1943, owaseka ulwimi olubhaliweyo oluqhelekileyo kwiriphabhlikhi yonke yaseczech.
Ukususela ngoko, olu lwimi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula yaye lukhula, yaye namhlanje luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 eczech Republic Naseslovakia.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiczech?

1. Ujan Hus (malunga no-1369-1415): umguquleli wezenkolo waseczech, isifilosofi, kunye nomhlohli wezakwalizwi Kwiyunivesithi Yasecharles Eprague, Ujan Hus wayenempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi lwesiczech. Ukushumayela kwakhe nemibhalo yakhe enempembelelo yabhalwa ngesiczech yaza yanceda ekuqiniseni isimo sayo njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ebohemia.
2. Uváclav Hladký (1883-1949): ingcali yeelwimi yesiczech kunye nonjingalwazi Weelwimi Zeslavic Kwiyunivesithi Yasecharles Eprague, Uváclav Hladký wabhala imisebenzi emininzi kulwimi lwesiczech, kuquka Igrama yesiczech Kunye Ne-Orthography. Kwakhona waba negalelo elikhulu Isithethe Ulwimi Czechoslovak State, leyo yamkelwa 1926 kwaye ihlala umgangatho osemthethweni Czech namhlanje.
3. Boženaěmcová (1820-1862): Eyaziwa Kakhulu ngenoveli Yakhe Ubabička( Ugogo), Uboženaěmcová wayengumntu omkhulu kwiczech National Revival movement kwaye phakathi kwababhali bokuqala ukubhala ngokubanzi ngesiczech. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo ekuveleni kolwimi loncwadi lwesiczech kwaye yanceda ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuncwadi.
4. Ujosef Jungmann (1773-1847): imbongi kunye nengcali yeelwimi, Ujosef Jungmann waba negalelo ekwakheni ulwimi lwesiczech. Ubizwa ngokuba ukwazisa amagama amaninzi avela kwezinye iilwimi, njengesijamani, isitaliyane nesifrentshi, ngesiczech, kwaye wanceda ukuseka ulwimi lwesiczech njengolwimi loncwadi.
5. Prokop Diviš (1719-1765): i-linguist kunye ne-polyglot, Iprokop Diviš ithathwa njengenye yookhokho beelwimi zaseczech. Wabhala ngokubanzi kwiilwimi zokuthelekisa, igrama, kunye ne-phonology, kwaye uncedwa ekuncedeni ukuguqula ulwimi lwesiczech kwaye lwenze lufaneleke ngakumbi ekubhaleni ngokusemthethweni.

Njani ulwimi lwesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi Lwasentshona Slavic, oko kuthetha ukuba lolwentsapho efanayo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic ezifana nesipolish, islovak nesirashiya. Zineempawu ezahlukileyo ezenza ukuba zahluke kwezinye iilwimi.
Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom yabo kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwabo kwisivakalisi. Ikwaqulethe i-agglutination, oko kuthetha ukuba izimaphambili kunye nezimamva zongezwa kumagama ukwenza amagama amatsha okanye ukubonisa intsingiselo. I-Czech inamatyala asixhenxe (ngokwahlukileyo kwisingesi esinezihloko ezimbini, umxholo kunye nento). Amatyala asixhenxe achaphazela izibizo, izimelabizo, izichazi kunye namanani, kwaye abonisa indima yegama kwisivakalisi.
Ekugqibeleni, isiczech lulwimi lwefonetiki, olunembalelwano phakathi kwamagama abhaliweyo nathethwayo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufunda nokubiza, nangona ngaphandle kokuqonda intsingiselo yamagama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiczech ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zegrama yesiczech kunye nokubiza amagama. Zininzi iincwadi kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezifumanekayo ukukunceda ufunde iziseko zolwimi.
2. Ntywila kwisigama. Funda amabinzana aphambili kunye namagama aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ukuqala ukwakha isiseko sokuqonda.
3. Zicel ' umngeni ngezihloko ezintsonkothileyo. Pholisha ulwimi lwakho oluthethwayo nolubhaliweyo ngokuqhelisela izivakalisi ezintsonkothileyo, iifom zezenzi, kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo.
4. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama kwaye ubukele iifilimu zangaphandle. Ukuze uphucule ukubiza kwakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi, jonga imithombo yeendaba efana neenkqubo ZETV,izitishi zerediyo, kunye neepodcasts ukuze uve kwaye uqhelane nesiczech accent kunye nesilang.
5. Chitha ixesha kwilizwe elithetha isiczech. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzifaka ngokupheleleyo kulwimi nakwinkcubeko. Ukuba oku akunjalo, zama ukuthetha nabantu abathetha isiczech okanye usebenzisane namaqela athetha isiczech okanye uluntu.